АНАЛИЗАТОРЫ СВЧ-ЦЕПЕЙ НА ОСНОВЕ МНОГОЗОНДОВЫХ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЛИНИЙ. ОБЗОР МЕТОДОВ ОБРАБОТКИ СИГНАЛОВ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ (ОБЗОР)
Цитировать: А. А. Львов , Б. М. Кац , П.А. Львов , В.П. Мещанов , К. А. Саяпин. Анализаторы свч-цепей на основе многозондовых измерительных линий. обзор методов обработки сигналов, проблемы и перспективы (обзор)// Известия ЮФУ. Технические науки - 2024. - №6. - C. 230-247. doi: 10.18522/2311-3103-2024-6-230-247
Ключевые слова:
Автоматический анализатор цепей, многополюсный рефлектометр, многозондовая измерительная линия, метод максимального правдоподобия, дисперсионная матрица ошибок, калибровка измерителя
Аннотация
Дальнейший прогресс в СВЧ-технологии неразрывно связан с созданием новых прецизионных
автоматических измерительных систем. В нашей стране не выпускаются серийно векторные
анализаторы СВЧ-цепей, которые могут измерять амплитудные и фазовые соотношения
S-параметров исследуемых микроволновых нагрузок. Использование многополюсных рефлектомет-
ров (МР) в качестве измерительных устройств в составе автоматических анализаторов цепей на
СВЧ позволяет создавать относительно дешевые и высокоточные приборы для исследования пара-
метров нагрузок. В статье дан обзор работ, в которых развивается метод МР, когда последний
может быть представлен многозондовой измерительной линией (МИЛ). Кратко описана история
развития методов измерения с помощью традиционных МР и показано, что главной проблемой их
использования является калибровка рефлектометра, которая может быть проведена точно
только с использованием набора прецизионных калибровочных средств. Подробно исследована
МИЛ, являющаяся частным случаем МР. Показано, что случайные ошибки измерения методом
МИЛ выше, чем у точно откалиброванного МР. Однако МИЛ обладает важными достоинствами,
которые обсуждаются в работе. Описана стратегия повышения точности измерения с помощью
МИЛ: 1) предложены оптимальные методы обработки выходных сигналов с зондов МИЛ по ме-
тоду максимального правдоподобия; 2) подробно исследованы методы калибровки датчиков МИЛ
и показано, что она может быть откалибрована по набору неточно известных нагрузок с парал-
лельной их аттестацией, поэтому значительно снижаются систематические ошибки калибров-
ки; 3) исследованы методы оптимизации конструкции МИЛ за счет расположения зондов внутри
СВЧ-тракта для измерения с максимальной точностью в узком и широком диапазонах частот, а
также показано, как можно измерять с потенциально достижимой точностью за счет надле-
жащего выбора весовых коэффициентов у зондов МИЛ. Исследуются случайные и систематиче-
ские ошибки измерения ККО СВЧ-нагрузок, а также неопределенности измерения типа A и B ме-
тодом МИЛ и приводятся ссылки на соответствующие работы. В завершение рассмотрены воз-
можности совместного использования методов МИЛ и МР, кратко описан комбинированный МР,
который измеряет с точностью, характерной для традиционного МР, но может быть откалиб-
рован по набору неизвестных нагрузок, что свойственно методу МИЛ.
Литература
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6. Hanson E.R.B., Riblet G.P. An Ideal Six-Port Network Consisting of a Matched Reciprocal Lossless
Five-Port and a Perfect Directional Coupler, IEEE Trans. of Microwave Theory and Tech., 1983,
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circuits with twelve-pole reflectometers], Izmeritel'naya tekhnika [Measuring equipment], 1988, No. 8,
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No. 2, pp. 546-554.
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prikladnykh zadach [Application of multi-pole reflectometers of a special type for solving a number of
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2. Gupta K., Gardzh R., Chadkha R. Mashinnoe proektirovanie SVCh ustroystv [Machine design of microwave
devices]. M.: Radio i svyaz', 1987, 432 p.
3. Anufriev A. Tekhnologii kompanii Keysight Technologies na rossiyskom predpriyatii – pervyy opyt
[Keysight Technologies at Russian enterprise – first experience], Elektronika. Nauka. Tekhnologiya.
Biznes [Electronics. Science. Technologies. Business], 2016, Issue 2, pp. 86-87.
4. Engen G.F., Hoer C.A. Application of an Arbitrary Six-Port Junction to Power Measurement Problems,
IEEE Trans. on Instrum. and Meas., 1972, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 470-474.
5. Hoer C.A. The Six-Port Coupler: A New Approach to Measuring Voltage, Current, Power, Impedance,
and Phase, IEEE Trans. on Instrum. and Meas., 1972, Vol. IM-21, No. 11, pp. 466-470.
6. Hanson E.R.B., Riblet G.P. An Ideal Six-Port Network Consisting of a Matched Reciprocal Lossless
Five-Port and a Perfect Directional Coupler, IEEE Trans. of Microwave Theory and Tech., 1983,
Vol. MTT-31, No. 3, pp. 284-288.
7. Hunter J.D., Somlo P.I. Simple Derivation of Six-Port Reflectometer Equations, Electronic Letters,
1985, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 370-371.
8. Petrov V.P., Ryasnyy Yu.V., Zhuravleva O.B. Mnogopolyusnye izmeritel'nye preobrazovateli
analizatorov tsepey na SVCh [Multi-pole measuring converters of microwave network analyzers],
Izmeritel'naya tekhnika [Measuring equipment], 1987, No. 3, pp. 41-43.
9. Nikulin S.M., Salov A.N. Primenenie dvenadtsatipolyusnykh reflektometrov v tekhnike SVChizmereniy
[Application of twelve-pole reflectometers in microwave measurement technology],
Radiotekhnika [Radio engineering], 1987, No. 7, pp. 70-72.
10. Somlo P.I. The Case for Using a Matched Load Standard for Six-Port Calibration, Electronic Letters,
1983, Vol. 19, No. 11, pp. 979-980.
11. Li S., Воsisiо R.G. Calibration of Multiport Reflectometers by Means of Four Open Short Circuits,
IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., 1982, Vol. MTT-30, No. 7, pp. 1085-1090.
12. Nikulin S.M., Salov A.N. Metod kalibrovki avtomaticheskikh analizatorov SVCh tsepey s
dvenadtsatipolyusnymi reflektometrami [Method of calibration of automatic analyzers of microwave
circuits with twelve-pole reflectometers], Izmeritel'naya tekhnika [Measuring equipment], 1988, No. 8,
pp. 43-45.
13. Xiao F., Ghannouchi F.M., Yakabe T. Application of a Six-Port Wave-Correlator for a Very Low Velocity
Measurement Using the Doppler Effect, IEEE Trans. on Instrum. and Meas., 2003, Vol. 52,
No. 2, pp. 546-554.
14. Ghannouchi F.M., Mohammadi A. The six-port technique with microwave and wireless applications.
Boston, London: Artech House, 2009.
15. Hasan A., Helaoui M. Novel Modeling and Calibration Approach for Multi-Port Receivers Mitigating
System Imperfections and Hardware Impairments, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory Tech., 2012,
Vol. 60, No. 8, pp. 2644-2653.
16. L'vov P.A. Primenenie mnogopolyusnykh reflektometrov spetsial'nogo vida dlya resheniya ryada
prikladnykh zadach [Application of multi-pole reflectometers of a special type for solving a number of
applied problems], Vestnik Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of
the Saratov State Technical University], 2010, No. 2 (45), pp. 181-193.
17. Caldecott R. The Generalized Multiprobe Reflectometer and Its Application to Automated Transmission
Line Measurements, IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 1973, Vol. AP-21, No. 4,
pp. 550-554.
18. Rumyantsev Yu.B., Gaydarov A.S. A.s. № 1133564 Kl. G01R 27/06. Ustroystvo dlya izmereniya
modulya i fazy koeffitsienta otrazheniya v SVCh traktakh [Author's certificate No. 1133564, Class
G01R 27/06. Device for measuring the modulus and phase of the reflection coefficient in microwave
paths]. Published in the Bulletin of inventions, 1985, No. 1.
19. Bondarenko I.K., Gimpilevich Yu.B., TSarik Yu.I. Avtomaticheskiy analizator tsepey
mnogoelementnogo tipa i metody ego kalibrovki [Automatic analyzer of multi-element circuits and
methods of its calibration], Izmeritel'naya tekhnika [Measuring equipment], 1985, No. 10, pp. 33-34.
20. Zebek S.E., Gimpilevich Yu.B. Avtomaticheskiy izmeritel' kompleksnogo koeffitsienta otrazheniya na
osnove kvadraturnogo metoda [Automatic meter of complex reflection coefficient based on the quadrature
method], Sovremennye problemy radioelektroniki i telekommunikatsiy [Modern problems of radio
electronics and telecommunications], 2018, No. 1, pp. 128.
21. Kolotygin S.A., Manevich V.Z. Pogreshnost' izmereniy na SVCH mnogozondovym preobrazovatelem
prokhodnogo tipa [Error of measurements at microwave frequencies by a multi-probe feed-through
converter], Issledovaniya v oblasti pretsizionnykh radiotekhnicheskikh izmereniy: Sb. nauchnykh
trudov [Research in the field of precision radio engineering measurements: Collection of scientific papers].
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Опубликован
2025-01-19
Выпуск
Раздел
РАЗДЕЛ III. ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-УПРАВЛЯЮЩИЕ СИСТЕМЫ
