РЕКОНФИГУРАЦИОННЫЕ МЕТАГРАММАТИКИ ДЛЯ ОПИСАНИЯ И МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ МНОГОЭТАПНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ АТАК
Ключевые слова:
Моделирование, иерархический грамматический разбор, структурная адаптация, реконфигурационное правило согласования
Аннотация
Цель исследования определяется существенным расширением классов угроз совре-
менным автоматизированных системам, динамичным развитием тактик и техник атак
на их информационные ресурсы. Имеющиеся методы и аппаратно-программные средства
эффективно противостоят одноэтапным атакам, имеющим фиксированную схему дест-
руктивного воздействия и ограниченную во времени активность. Современные типы дест-
руктивных воздействий понимаются как многоэтапные комплексные атаки, для которых
актуально создание адекватного и эффективного аппарата описания, моделирования и
отражения новых типов атак. Методы исследования основаны на развитии структурно-
алгебраического подхода, в первую очередь – аппарата формальных грамматик и мета-
грамматик. Установлено, что известные формальные модели для описания и моделирова-
ния многоэтапных комплексных атак получаются громоздкими, затруднена их модифика-
ция. Большинство дескрипторов атак не оснащены представительным набором методов
структурного и алгебраического анализа подобных сложно структурированных объектов.
Для описания, моделирования и отражения таких атак разработан класс реконфигураци-
онных метаграмматик. Эти метаграмматики содержат набор обычных и реконфигура-
ционных правил согласования между элементами грамматик в составе грамматики. Дан-
ные правила позволяют выбирать в зависимости от достигнутых состояний синтаксиче-
ского анализа конкретные ветви графа поиска. Это свойство существенно сокращает
пространство перебора и повышает тем самым удельную эффективность поиска. Разра-
ботанный аппарат реконфигурационных метаграмматик создает необходимый теорети-
ческий базис для их эффективного использования при моделировании и отражении сущест-
вующих и перспективных МКА, имеющих структурно-лингвистическое описание. Получен-
ная в результате квалиметрическая пятимерная диаграмма, построенная на набору прак-
тически значимых показателей (однородность, связность, компактность, адаптивность,
направленность) показала преимущество реконфигурационных метаграмматик перед ме-
таграмматиками общего вида. Методы синтаксического анализа в реконфигурационных
метаграмматиках отличаются структурными правилами реконфигурации (структурной
адаптации) и критериями выбора при их адаптации. Эти процедурные особенности позво-
ляют расширить возможности моделирования атак и повысить эффективность процедур
отражения многоэтапных комплексных атак.
Литература
1. Anishchenko A.V., Yazov Yu.K. Seti Petri-Markova i ikh primenenie dlya modelirovaniya
protsessov realizatsii ugroz bezopasnosti informatsii v informatsionnykh sistemakh:
monografiya [Petri-Markov networks and their application for modeling the processes of implementing
information security threats in information systems: monograph]. Voronezh:
Kvarta, 2020, 173 p.
2. Maksimova E.A., Sadovnikova N.P. Otsenka infrastrukturnoy ustoychivosti sub"ekta
kriticheskoy informatsionnoy infrastruktury pri destruktivnykh vozdeystviyakh [Assessment of
infrastructural stability of a subject of critical information infrastructure under destructive influences],
Izvestiya YuFU. Tekhnicheskie nauki [Izvestiya SFedU. Engineering Sciences],
2021, No. 4 (221), pp. 155-165.
3. Atakishchev O.I., Borisenkov I.L., Gribunin V.G., Smirnov Ya.D. Kollegial'nye metagrammatiki
dlya modelirovaniya dinamichno izmenyaemykh programm sozdaniya sistem
informatsionnoy bezopasnosti [Collegial meta-grammars for modeling dynamically changing
programs for creating information security systems], Vestnik komp'yuternykh i
informatsionnykh tekhnologiy [Bulletin of Computer and Information Technologies], 2020,
No. 4 (190), pp. 29-43.
4. Atakishchev O.I., Adzhemov S.S., Emel'yanov S.G. Formal'nye grammatiki, metagrammatiki i
grammaticheskie struktury. Ikh primenenie pri prinyatii upravlencheskikh resheniy [Formal
grammars, metagrammatics, and grammatical structures. Their application in making
managerial decisions]. Moscow: MTUSI, 2010, 345 p.
5. Atakishchev O.I., Borisenkov I.L., TSar'kov A.N. Smirnov Ya.D. Osobennosti kollegial'nykh
metagrammatik i ikh ispol'zovaniya pri reshenii zadach grafodinamiki [Features of collegial
metagrammatics and their use in solving graphodynamics problems], Sb. materialov XV
Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Perspektivnye sistemy i zadachi
upravleniya» [Collection of materials of the XV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference
"Perspective systems and management tasks"]. Rostov-on-Don – Taganrog: Izd-vo
YuFU, 2020, pp. 223-226.
6. Emel'yanov S.G., Atakishchev O.I., Strebkov D.A., Zaichko V.A. Nechetkaya mnogourovnevaya
modifikatsiya metoda analiza ierarkhiy i sposob opredeleniya otsenok predpochtitel'nosti
al'ternativnykh variantov sozdaniya slozhnykh sistem kosmicheskogo naznacheniya v usloviyakh
povysheniya neopredelennosti vneshney sredy [Fuzzy multilevel modification of the hierarchy analysis
method and a method for determining the preference estimates of alternative options for creating
complex space systems in conditions of increasing uncertainty of the external environment],
Izvestiya YuZGU [Proceedings of Southwest State University], 2012, No. 5 (44), Part 2, pp. 50-60.
7. Atakishcheva I.V., Emel'yanov S.G. [i dr.]. Etalonnaya model' dvoystvenno-atributnoy
transliruyushchey metagrammatiki i strukturno-lingvisticheskiy sposob obrabotki
slozhnoorganizovannykh dannykh [The reference model of dual-attribute broadcasting
metagrammatics and the structural-linguistic method of processing complexly organized data],
Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya «Tekhnologicheskaya
sistematika» [Izvestiya Tula State University. The series "Technological systematics"],
2006, Issue 14, pp.. 24-28.
8. Emel'yanov S.G., Atakishcheva I.V. Metagrammaticheskie modeli dlya opisaniya variantov
slozhnostrukturirovannykh strategiy upravleniya [Metagrammatic models for describing variants
of complex structured management strategies ], Perspektivnye sistemy i zadachi
upravleniya: Sb. materialov ko 2-y Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Promising
management systems and tasks: Collection of materials for the 2nd All-Russian Scientific
and Practical Conference]. KChR Dombay, 2007, pp. 23-26.
9. Emel'yanov S.G., Atakishcheva I.V. [i dr.]. Osobennosti primeneniya strukturnolingvisticheskogo
podkhoda na osnove metagrammatik pri vybore slozhnostrukturirovannykh
strategiy i programm upravleniya [Features of the use of a structural-linguistic approach based
on metagrammatics in the selection of complex structured management strategies and programs],
Covremennye informatsionnye tekhnologii v deyatel'nosti organov gosudarstvennoy
vlasti: Sb. materialov 1-y Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Modern information
technologies in the activities of public authorities: Collection of materials of the 1st
All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference]. Kursk, 2008, pp. 90-92.
10. Emel'yanov S.G., Atakishcheva I.V. [i dr.]. Metagrammaticheskie modeli dlya opisaniya
slozhnostrukturirovannykh strategiy upravleniya i otsenki riskov ikh realizatsii [Metagrammatic
models for describing complex structured management strategies and risk assessment of their implementation],
Covremennye informatsionnye tekhnologii v deyatel'nosti organov gosudarstvennoy
vlasti: Sb. materialov 1-y Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Modern information
technologies in the activities of public authorities: Collection of materials of the 1st All-Russian Scientific
and Technical Conference]. Kursk, 2008, pp. 92-94.
11. Bezkorovaynyy M.M., Kostogryzov A.I., L'vov V.M. Instrumental'no-modeliruyushchiy
kompleks otsenki kachestva funktsionirovaniya informatsionnykh sistem «KOK» [nstrumental
modeling complex for assessing the quality of functioning of information systems "KOK"].
Moscow: «Vooruzhenie. Politika. Konversiya», 2001, 304 p.
12. Iskusstvennyy intellect [Artificial intelligence]: In 3 books: handbook, ed. by D.A. Pospelova.
Moscow: Radio i svyaz', 1990.
13. Gorodetskiy V.I., Drozhzhin V.V., Yusupov R.M. Mnogourovnevye atributnye grammatiki dlya
modelirovaniya slozhnykh strukturno-dinamicheskikh sistem [Multilevel attribute grammars for
modeling complex structural and dynamic systems], Izvestiya AN SSSR. Tekhnicheskaya kibernetika
[News of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Technical cybernetics], 1986, No. 1, pp. 165.
14. Gorodetskiy V.I., Drozhzhin V.V., Polishchuk G.M., Yusupov R.M. [i dr.]. Mnogourovnevye
struktury atributnykh grammatik dlya modelirovaniya slozhnykh organizatsionnykh sistem i
ikh primenenie v zadachakh prinyatiya resheniy [Multilevel structures of attribute grammars
for modeling complex organizational systems and their application in decision-making tasks],
Metody obrabotki informatsii i prinyatiya resheniy: Nauch.-tekhn. sb. (tr.) [Methods of information
processing and decision-making: scientific and technical collection (works)]. Moscow:
MO SSSR, 1983, pp. 3.
15. Nikolaev A.V., Emel'yanov S.G., Gritsenko A.V. [i dr.]. Osobennosti primeneniya strukturnoalgebraicheskogo
podkhoda na osnove atributnykh grammaticheskikh setey k opisaniyu
topologicheskoy struktury seti obmena raznorodnoy informatsiey raspredelennoy sistemy
podderzhki prinyatiya resheniy [Features of the application of the structural-algebraic approach
based on attribute grammatical networks to the description of the topological structure of the network
for the exchange of heterogeneous information of a distributed decision support system],
Izvestiya Tul'skogo gos. un-ta. Seriya «Biznes-protsessy i biznes-sistemy» [News of the Tula State
University. The series "Business processes and business systems"], 2005, Issue 2, pp. 3-9.
16. Akho A., Ul'man Dzh. Teoriya sintaksicheskogo analiza, perevoda i kompilyatsii [Theory of
syntactic analysis, translation and compilation]. Books 1, 2. Moscow: Mir, 1978.
17. Titenko E.A., Semenikhin E.A., Uryas'eva M.V. Modifitsirovannaya sistema Tue i yazyk
obobshchennykh konfliktnykh slov dlya organizatsii parallel'nykh produktsionnykh
vychisleniy [The modified Tue system and the language of generalized conflict words for the
organization of parallel production calculations], Informatsionnye sistemy i tekhnologii [Information
Systems and Technologies], 2011, No. 5 (67), pp. 32-43.
18. Grivachev A.V., Emel'yanov S.G., Titenko E.A. Modifitsirovannaya produktsionnaya sistema
dlya resheniya zadachi strukturnogo raspoznavaniya obrazov [Modified production system for
solving the problem of structural pattern recognition], Naukoemkie tekhnologii [High-tech
technologies], 2014, Vol. 15, No. 12, pp. 9-12.
19. Emel'yanov S.G., Titenko E.A., Zerin I.S. Odnorodnye vychislitel'nye struktury dlya
parallel'nykh simvol'nykh vychisleniy [Homogeneous computational structures for parallel
symbolic computations], Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Proceedings
of the Southwestern State University], 2011, No. 6-2 (39), pp. 77-82.
20. Dovgal' V.M., Titov V.S., Titenko E.A. Strategii bystrykh simvol'nykh vychisleniy dlya
ischislitel'noy produktsionnoy sistemy [Strategies of fast symbolic calculations for the calculus
production system], Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Priborostroenie [News of higher
educational institutions. Instrumentation], 2008, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 44-47.
21. Maksimova E.A. Metody vyyavleniya i identifikatsii istochnikov destruktivnykh voz-deystviy
infrastrukturnogo geneza [Methods of identification and identification of sources of destructive
impacts of infrastructural genesis], Elektronnyy setevoy politematicheskiy zhurnal "Nauchnye
trudy KubGTU" [Electronic network polythematic journal "Scientific works of KubSTU"],
2022, No. 2, pp. 86-99.
protsessov realizatsii ugroz bezopasnosti informatsii v informatsionnykh sistemakh:
monografiya [Petri-Markov networks and their application for modeling the processes of implementing
information security threats in information systems: monograph]. Voronezh:
Kvarta, 2020, 173 p.
2. Maksimova E.A., Sadovnikova N.P. Otsenka infrastrukturnoy ustoychivosti sub"ekta
kriticheskoy informatsionnoy infrastruktury pri destruktivnykh vozdeystviyakh [Assessment of
infrastructural stability of a subject of critical information infrastructure under destructive influences],
Izvestiya YuFU. Tekhnicheskie nauki [Izvestiya SFedU. Engineering Sciences],
2021, No. 4 (221), pp. 155-165.
3. Atakishchev O.I., Borisenkov I.L., Gribunin V.G., Smirnov Ya.D. Kollegial'nye metagrammatiki
dlya modelirovaniya dinamichno izmenyaemykh programm sozdaniya sistem
informatsionnoy bezopasnosti [Collegial meta-grammars for modeling dynamically changing
programs for creating information security systems], Vestnik komp'yuternykh i
informatsionnykh tekhnologiy [Bulletin of Computer and Information Technologies], 2020,
No. 4 (190), pp. 29-43.
4. Atakishchev O.I., Adzhemov S.S., Emel'yanov S.G. Formal'nye grammatiki, metagrammatiki i
grammaticheskie struktury. Ikh primenenie pri prinyatii upravlencheskikh resheniy [Formal
grammars, metagrammatics, and grammatical structures. Their application in making
managerial decisions]. Moscow: MTUSI, 2010, 345 p.
5. Atakishchev O.I., Borisenkov I.L., TSar'kov A.N. Smirnov Ya.D. Osobennosti kollegial'nykh
metagrammatik i ikh ispol'zovaniya pri reshenii zadach grafodinamiki [Features of collegial
metagrammatics and their use in solving graphodynamics problems], Sb. materialov XV
Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Perspektivnye sistemy i zadachi
upravleniya» [Collection of materials of the XV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference
"Perspective systems and management tasks"]. Rostov-on-Don – Taganrog: Izd-vo
YuFU, 2020, pp. 223-226.
6. Emel'yanov S.G., Atakishchev O.I., Strebkov D.A., Zaichko V.A. Nechetkaya mnogourovnevaya
modifikatsiya metoda analiza ierarkhiy i sposob opredeleniya otsenok predpochtitel'nosti
al'ternativnykh variantov sozdaniya slozhnykh sistem kosmicheskogo naznacheniya v usloviyakh
povysheniya neopredelennosti vneshney sredy [Fuzzy multilevel modification of the hierarchy analysis
method and a method for determining the preference estimates of alternative options for creating
complex space systems in conditions of increasing uncertainty of the external environment],
Izvestiya YuZGU [Proceedings of Southwest State University], 2012, No. 5 (44), Part 2, pp. 50-60.
7. Atakishcheva I.V., Emel'yanov S.G. [i dr.]. Etalonnaya model' dvoystvenno-atributnoy
transliruyushchey metagrammatiki i strukturno-lingvisticheskiy sposob obrabotki
slozhnoorganizovannykh dannykh [The reference model of dual-attribute broadcasting
metagrammatics and the structural-linguistic method of processing complexly organized data],
Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya «Tekhnologicheskaya
sistematika» [Izvestiya Tula State University. The series "Technological systematics"],
2006, Issue 14, pp.. 24-28.
8. Emel'yanov S.G., Atakishcheva I.V. Metagrammaticheskie modeli dlya opisaniya variantov
slozhnostrukturirovannykh strategiy upravleniya [Metagrammatic models for describing variants
of complex structured management strategies ], Perspektivnye sistemy i zadachi
upravleniya: Sb. materialov ko 2-y Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Promising
management systems and tasks: Collection of materials for the 2nd All-Russian Scientific
and Practical Conference]. KChR Dombay, 2007, pp. 23-26.
9. Emel'yanov S.G., Atakishcheva I.V. [i dr.]. Osobennosti primeneniya strukturnolingvisticheskogo
podkhoda na osnove metagrammatik pri vybore slozhnostrukturirovannykh
strategiy i programm upravleniya [Features of the use of a structural-linguistic approach based
on metagrammatics in the selection of complex structured management strategies and programs],
Covremennye informatsionnye tekhnologii v deyatel'nosti organov gosudarstvennoy
vlasti: Sb. materialov 1-y Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Modern information
technologies in the activities of public authorities: Collection of materials of the 1st
All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference]. Kursk, 2008, pp. 90-92.
10. Emel'yanov S.G., Atakishcheva I.V. [i dr.]. Metagrammaticheskie modeli dlya opisaniya
slozhnostrukturirovannykh strategiy upravleniya i otsenki riskov ikh realizatsii [Metagrammatic
models for describing complex structured management strategies and risk assessment of their implementation],
Covremennye informatsionnye tekhnologii v deyatel'nosti organov gosudarstvennoy
vlasti: Sb. materialov 1-y Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Modern information
technologies in the activities of public authorities: Collection of materials of the 1st All-Russian Scientific
and Technical Conference]. Kursk, 2008, pp. 92-94.
11. Bezkorovaynyy M.M., Kostogryzov A.I., L'vov V.M. Instrumental'no-modeliruyushchiy
kompleks otsenki kachestva funktsionirovaniya informatsionnykh sistem «KOK» [nstrumental
modeling complex for assessing the quality of functioning of information systems "KOK"].
Moscow: «Vooruzhenie. Politika. Konversiya», 2001, 304 p.
12. Iskusstvennyy intellect [Artificial intelligence]: In 3 books: handbook, ed. by D.A. Pospelova.
Moscow: Radio i svyaz', 1990.
13. Gorodetskiy V.I., Drozhzhin V.V., Yusupov R.M. Mnogourovnevye atributnye grammatiki dlya
modelirovaniya slozhnykh strukturno-dinamicheskikh sistem [Multilevel attribute grammars for
modeling complex structural and dynamic systems], Izvestiya AN SSSR. Tekhnicheskaya kibernetika
[News of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Technical cybernetics], 1986, No. 1, pp. 165.
14. Gorodetskiy V.I., Drozhzhin V.V., Polishchuk G.M., Yusupov R.M. [i dr.]. Mnogourovnevye
struktury atributnykh grammatik dlya modelirovaniya slozhnykh organizatsionnykh sistem i
ikh primenenie v zadachakh prinyatiya resheniy [Multilevel structures of attribute grammars
for modeling complex organizational systems and their application in decision-making tasks],
Metody obrabotki informatsii i prinyatiya resheniy: Nauch.-tekhn. sb. (tr.) [Methods of information
processing and decision-making: scientific and technical collection (works)]. Moscow:
MO SSSR, 1983, pp. 3.
15. Nikolaev A.V., Emel'yanov S.G., Gritsenko A.V. [i dr.]. Osobennosti primeneniya strukturnoalgebraicheskogo
podkhoda na osnove atributnykh grammaticheskikh setey k opisaniyu
topologicheskoy struktury seti obmena raznorodnoy informatsiey raspredelennoy sistemy
podderzhki prinyatiya resheniy [Features of the application of the structural-algebraic approach
based on attribute grammatical networks to the description of the topological structure of the network
for the exchange of heterogeneous information of a distributed decision support system],
Izvestiya Tul'skogo gos. un-ta. Seriya «Biznes-protsessy i biznes-sistemy» [News of the Tula State
University. The series "Business processes and business systems"], 2005, Issue 2, pp. 3-9.
16. Akho A., Ul'man Dzh. Teoriya sintaksicheskogo analiza, perevoda i kompilyatsii [Theory of
syntactic analysis, translation and compilation]. Books 1, 2. Moscow: Mir, 1978.
17. Titenko E.A., Semenikhin E.A., Uryas'eva M.V. Modifitsirovannaya sistema Tue i yazyk
obobshchennykh konfliktnykh slov dlya organizatsii parallel'nykh produktsionnykh
vychisleniy [The modified Tue system and the language of generalized conflict words for the
organization of parallel production calculations], Informatsionnye sistemy i tekhnologii [Information
Systems and Technologies], 2011, No. 5 (67), pp. 32-43.
18. Grivachev A.V., Emel'yanov S.G., Titenko E.A. Modifitsirovannaya produktsionnaya sistema
dlya resheniya zadachi strukturnogo raspoznavaniya obrazov [Modified production system for
solving the problem of structural pattern recognition], Naukoemkie tekhnologii [High-tech
technologies], 2014, Vol. 15, No. 12, pp. 9-12.
19. Emel'yanov S.G., Titenko E.A., Zerin I.S. Odnorodnye vychislitel'nye struktury dlya
parallel'nykh simvol'nykh vychisleniy [Homogeneous computational structures for parallel
symbolic computations], Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Proceedings
of the Southwestern State University], 2011, No. 6-2 (39), pp. 77-82.
20. Dovgal' V.M., Titov V.S., Titenko E.A. Strategii bystrykh simvol'nykh vychisleniy dlya
ischislitel'noy produktsionnoy sistemy [Strategies of fast symbolic calculations for the calculus
production system], Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Priborostroenie [News of higher
educational institutions. Instrumentation], 2008, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 44-47.
21. Maksimova E.A. Metody vyyavleniya i identifikatsii istochnikov destruktivnykh voz-deystviy
infrastrukturnogo geneza [Methods of identification and identification of sources of destructive
impacts of infrastructural genesis], Elektronnyy setevoy politematicheskiy zhurnal "Nauchnye
trudy KubGTU" [Electronic network polythematic journal "Scientific works of KubSTU"],
2022, No. 2, pp. 86-99.
