CHARACTERISTIC OF SENSORY CORRECTIONS IN MOTOR CONTROL OF HIGH QUALIFICATION ATHLETES

  • M.P. Shestakov Federal Scientific Center of Physical Culture and Sport
  • N.A. Eremich Federal Scientific Center of Physical Culture and Sport
  • G.A. Pereyaslov RITM OKB ZAO
  • A.S. Sliva RITM OKB ZAO
Keywords: Stabilometry, motor control, internal models, biathlon, alpine skiing

Abstract

The article discusses the issues of assessing and monitoring the level of functioning of the motor control system of highly qualified athletes. The purpose of the article is to test the hypothe-sis about the influence of various factors on the body control system during the performance of movements of the follower type by athletes within the framework of the concept of internal models. A biomechanical complex with biological feedback Stabilan-02 (OKB "Rhythm", Taganrog) was used as an instrumental testing technique. A special testing program, as well as a developed algo-rithm for processing experimental data, made it possible to collect a significant database of the country's leading athletes over 10 years of observation. In this experiment, more than 100 athletes in biathlon and alpine skiing took part. The experimental data presented in the article show the influence of the selected factor of sports specialization on the change in indicators characterizing the level of coordination abilities of highly qualified athletes. The influence of the training process associated with the specifics of the main competitive exercise is shown. The results of the study showed that the developed methodology for evaluating and calculating data associated with sen-sorimotor corrections allows using it in the practice of the training process to monitor the state of the athletes' motion control system. Testing results by the proposed methodology allow to increase the efficiency of the training process management and significantly deepen the understanding of processes directly related to the technical training of athletes of various sports specialization and qualifications.

References

1. Alexandrov A.V., Frolov A.A. Closed loop and open loop control of posture and movement during human upper trunk bending, Biol. Cybern., 2011, Vol. 104, No. 6, pp. 425.
2. Aleksandrov A.V., Frolov A.A. Organizatsiya pryamogo dvigatel'nogo upravleniya pri naklonakh korpusa cheloveka [The organization for direct motor control when bending the body of the person], Rossiyskiy zhurnal biomekhaniki [Russian journal of biomechanics], 2010, Vol. 14, pp. 19.
3. Nicols T.R., Houk J.C. Improvement in Linearity Regulations of Stiffness That Result from Actions of Stretch Reflex, Journal of Neurophysiology, 1976, Vol. 39, pp. 119-142.
4. Bernshteyn N.A. Ocherki po fiziologii dvizheniy i fiziologii aktivnosti [Essays on physiology of movements and physiology of activity]. Moscow: Izd-vo «Meditsina», 1966, 349 с.
5. Ito M. Neurophysiological aspects of the cerebellar motor control system, Int. J. Neurol., 1970, No. 7, pp. 162-176.
6. Hoff B. A Computational Description of the Organization of Human Reaching and Prehension. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southern California. 1992.
7. Francis B.A. and Wonham W.M. The internal model principle for linear multivariable regula-tors, Applied Mathematics & Optimization, 1975, No. 2 (2), pp. 170-194.
8. Francis B.A. and Wonham W.M. The internal model principle of control theory, Automatica, 1976, No. 12, pp. 457-465.
9. Desmurget M. and Grafton S. Forward modeling allows feedback control for fast reaching movements, Trends. Cognit. Sci., 2000, No. 4, pp. 423-431.
10. Kawato M. Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 1999, No. 9, pp. 718-727.
11. Haruno M., Wolpert D., Kawato M. Multiple paired forward-inverse models for human motor learning and control, In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, ed. by Kearns M.S., Solla S.A., Cohn D.A. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999, No. 11, pp. 31-37.
12. Mussa-Ivaldi F.A. and Bizzi E. Motor learning through the combination of primitives, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 2000, Vol. 355, pp. 1755-1769.
13. ShidarA.M., Kawano K., Gomi H., and Kawato M. Inverse-dynamics model eye movement control by Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, Nature, 1993, Vol. 365, pp. 50-52.
14. Miall R.C. and Wolpert D.M. Forwards models for physiological motor control, Neural. Netw., 1996, No. 9, pp. 1265-1279.
15. Todorov E., and Jordan M.I. Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination, Nat. Neurosci., 2002, No. 5, pp. 1226-1235.
16. Gomi H., Shidara M., Takemura A., Inoue Y., Kawano K., Kawato M. Temporal firing patterns of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar ventral paraflocculus during ocular following responses in monkeys I. Simple spikes, Journal of Neurophysiology, 1998, Vol. 80, pp. 818-831.
17. Kubryak O.V., Grokhovskiy S.S., Dobrorodnyy A.V. Issledovanie opornykh reaktsiy cheloveka (posturografiya, stabilometriya) i biologicheskaya obratnaya svyaz' v programme STPL [Research of human support reactions (posturography, stabilometry) and biofeedback in the pro-gram STPL]. Moscow: Mera-TSP, 2018, 121 p.
18. Shestakov M.P. Ispol'zovanie stabilometrii v sporte [Use of stabilometry in sports]. Moscow: TVT Divizion, 2007, 112 p.
19. Todorov E., Shadmehr R. & Bizzi E. Augmented feedback presented in a virtual environment accelerates learning of a difficult motor task, J. Motor. Behav., 1997, Vol. 29, pp. 147-158.
20. Wolpert D.M., Kawato M. Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control, Neu-ral Networks, 1998, No. 11, pp. 1317-1329.
Published
2020-06-29
Issue
No 8 (2019)
Section
SECTION I. METHODS AND TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING