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• SIMULATION OF WIRELESS MESH NETWORK BASED ON ZigBee SPECIFICATION

  I.V. Rodygina, V.A. Novak

  2021-12-24

  Abstract ▼

  Currently, the most widespread wireless access technology, which is widely used to transmit
  a large amount of traffic of various types, is the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. MESH networks
  have become one of the most promising areas of technology development. MESH networks
  provide the most interesting solutions integrating various wireless access technologies. The possibility
  of organizing local (LAN) and metropolitan (MAN) networks using MESH topology, easily
  integrating into wide area networks (WAN), is a positive factor for use on a ship. In maritime
  practice, networks based on digitalization and automation are increasingly used. This article discusses
  modeling the interaction of devices in a MESH network based on the ZigBee specification,
  the principle of operation of the data link layer, which is used in this network, as well as a variant of the method for preventing increased consumption of energy used by the network. One of the
  advantages of the ZigBee network is the ability to track network participants and the topology
  itself in the mode of their frequent connections, disconnections and reconnections. In this case, it
  is necessary to analyze the network speed, reliability, bandwidth. For this purpose, we estimated
  the average waiting time for connecting a node, the probability of a successful connection of a
  node to the network, the probability of finding a channel busy during the first and second probing
  of the carrier, and a test of the throughput of the network under consideration. The obtained results
  of the analysis indicate the operability of the network in various situations: both under normal
  conditions and in a difficult jamming environment.

• WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN PROTECTED AREAS

  G.P. Vinogradov, A.S. Emtsev, I.S. Fedotov

  2021-04-04

  Abstract ▼

  For military purposes, wireless sensor networks allow you to "link autonomous systems" into a
  complex that has the property of self-organization, when objects "know" how to find each other and
  form a network, and in the event of a failure of any of the nodes can establish new routes for transmitting
  messages. It is possible to achieve the desired efficiency of such complexes, mainly by improving
  the intellectual component of their control system in general and individual node in particular.
  However, it should be noted that the vast majority of research in this area remains at the theoretical
  level. The goal is to: 1) the study and development of algorithms for network design with mobile
  nodes and their possible failures due to the combat mission; 2) the study and development of site use
  sensor network to collect, analyze, and transmit data about the situation and decision-making in the
  area of responsibility; 3) to offer relatively simple algorithms for giving the network node the property of intelligent behavior under the conditions of restrictions on power consumption and speed.
  It is shown that the required algorithms can be developed if the classes of typical situations and
  successful methods of action in real conditions are identified. On this basis, it becomes possible to
  develop formal models (patterns) for implementation in the node management system. A two-level
  structure of an intelligent network management system is proposed. The upper level, implemented
  by the operator, corresponds to such properties as survival, security, fulfillment of mission obligations,
  accumulation and adjustment of the knowledge base in the form of effective behavior patterns.
  The object of control for it is the network, considered as a functional system.

• STUDY OF RETRANSMISSION SCHEMES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

  Alalvan Amin Raad Jihad, Shammari Najim Abed Mandila, D.A. Mishchenko, А. А. L’vov, M.S. Svetlov

  2021-12-24

  Abstract ▼

  Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being actively implemented in various systems for remote
  observation and monitoring of distributed objects. WSNs have a number of undoubted advantages:
  flexibility, efficiency, relative cheapness, and the possibility of rapid deployment. However,
  the exchange of information and data is carried out in the WSN using wireless communication
  channels, which are subject to inevitable interference and noise, which leads to transmission errors and even to the loss of transmitted data packets. Another challenge, not fully resolved, is the
  uneven distribution of consumed energy within the WSN in the face of stringent requirements for
  energy sources. Currently, there are two most widely used retransmission schemes in the loss of
  transmitted data, namely, hop-by-hop and end-to-end. Most of the well-known studies devoted to
  the issues of reliable data transmission in WSN using these schemes have been carried out experimentally.
  In addition, there are still no analytical methods for evaluating various reliable
  transport solutions, which complicates the analysis of the proposed WSN. Therefore, the aim of the
  proposed work is the development of analytical methods and algorithms for studying the operating
  characteristics of the signal relaying circuits in the WSN. Analytical methods are proposed for
  evaluating retransmission schemes in the WSN, based on a relatively new theoretical basis - the
  network calculus for packet-switched networks, which is a tool for determining the size of the network.
  First, traffic, service and energy cost models are introduced. Based on these models and
  network calculations, the maximum packet transmission delay and energy efficiency of the two
  main types of retransmission schemes: hop-by-hop and end-to-end retransmission, are analytically
  estimated. According to the results of the experiment, the maximum latency and the maximum
  power consumption of these two schemes are compared in several scenarios. In addition, the analytically
  calculated maximum delay is compared with the simulation results. With the proposed
  method, a suitable retransmission scheme can be selected based on the various requirements and
  constraints to be set.

• STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC MODEL OF UNDERWATER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BASED ON LOUVAIN CLUSTERING ALGORITHM

  А.М. Maevsky , V.А. Ryzhov , Т. А. Fedorova , I. V. Kozhemyakin , N.М. Burov

  62-81

  2025-07-24

  Abstract ▼

  Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) play an important role in monitoring ocean processes, underwater navigation, environmental control and security. However, underwater environment features such as high signal attenuation, limited energy resources and changing network topology create significant challenges in organizing efficient data transmission. To optimize network operation and extend its service life, a clustering method is used to group nodes, reduce the load on communication channels and improve energy efficiency. However, in the event of network node failure, static clustering becomes ineffective, which requires the implementation of dynamic reclustering. The procedure of redistributing node roles and rebuilding the network topology allows maintaining communication stability and minimizing data losses, taking into account the energy balance of the entire network as a whole. This paper examines modern approaches to clustering and reclustering in UWSNs taking into account the energy balance, node failure probability and interference in the transmission medium. The development of adaptive UWSN control methods is an urgent task aimed at increasing the reliability, energy efficiency and durability of underwater communication networks. The article presents a stochastic cross-level model for dynamic three-dimensional PBSNs of arbitrary topology. The model uses a new clustering/reclustering technique based on the Louvain algorithm, a routing protocol built on the Dijkstra method, and a time-domain management (TDMA) method. The proposed PBSN operating model is the basis for the developed simulation complex, which allows assessing the efficiency and reliability of the network, taking into account the loss of connectivity and vulnerabilities for PBSNs of various scales and purposes. As part of the research, a parametric analysis of systematic calculations of the PBSN functional characteristics was performed. The results of the analysis showed that the proposed simulation model provides an increase in the autonomous network operation time and a decrease in the number of lost messages compared to the models of other authors