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• FORMATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRODE LAYER STRUCTURE

  S.S. Svidelsky, V.S. Litvinova, G. V. Kupovykh, A. G. Klovo

  2021-01-19

  Abstract ▼

  The problem of the formation of the electric state in the lower layer of the atmosphere near
  the Earth's surface is considered in the article. An electrodynamic model of a non-stationary turbulent-
  convective surface layer is investigated in the approximation of the electrode effect. The
  initial system consists of the ionization-recombination equations for aeroions and the Poisson
  equation. Depending on the meteorological conditions in the atmosphere, the cases of classical
  and turbulent electrode effects, as well as the approximation of strong turbulent mixing, are considered
  separately. Turbulent and convective transport, the degree of air ionization, and the presence
  of submicron aerosol particles in the air are factors that affect the space-time structure of the
  electrode layer. Dimensionless parameters (similarity criteria) for electrodynamic equations are
  revealed, which allow choosing the appropriate approximation for modeling the structure of the
  electrode layer depending on atmospheric conditions. In an aerosol-free atmosphere, the time to
  establish a stationary state in the electrode layer is about 5 minutes, for the classical layer (the
  typical height is about 4-5 m), and in the turbulent layer-about 15 minutes. (the typical height is
  about 10 m). In the case of strong turbulent mixing, the distribution scale of electrical quantities
  increases to hundreds of meters. The ratio of the characteristic velocities of turbulent and convective
  processes indicates the predominant physical mechanism of ion transport and the formation of
  the electrode layer structure. An increase in the rate of convective transport directed downwards
  leads to a weakening of the turbulent mixing mechanism, and when moving up, the opposite effect
  occurs. The presence of a submicron aerosol in the atmosphere leads to the formation of heavy
  ions, the mobility of which is much less than that of aeroions. Single-charged aerosol particles
  with a concentration not exceeding the number of aeroions slightly change the spatiotemporal
  characteristics of the electrode layer. While the presence of repeatedly charged aerosol particles
  in the surface air increases the time of electrical relaxation and reduces the height of the electrode
  layer. At sufficiently high concentrations of aerosol (more than the number of aeroions by an order
  of magnitude or more), it is necessary to take into account its transport by turbulentconvective
  flows, and the structure of the electrode layer is determined only by heavy ions.

• MODELING RESULTS OF THE TURBULENT SURFACE LAYER ELECTRODYNAMIC STRUCTURE

  О.V. Belousova, G.V. Kupovkh, А.G. Klovo, V.V. Grivtsov

  2022-11-01

  Abstract ▼

  The article presents the results of mathematical modeling of turbulent surface layer
  electrodynamic structure. A model of a stationary turbulent electrode effect operating near the
  earth's surface is used. The analysis of equations by methods of similarity theory allowed us to
  make a number of reasonable physical assumptions that allowed us to obtain analytical solutions.
  Analytical formulas have been obtained for calculating the profiles of concentrations of small ions
  (aeroions), the density of the space electric charge and the electric field strength in a turbulent
  electrode layer. As a result of mathematical modeling, the dependences electrical characteristics
  in surface layer on the values of the electric field, the turbulent mixing degree and aerosol pollution
  of the atmosphere are investigated. It is shown that the parameter of the electrode effect (the
  ratio of the values of the electric field strength on the earth's surface and at the upper boundary of
  the electrode layer) practically does not depend on atmospheric conditions, whereas the height of
  the electrode layer and, accordingly, the scale of the distribution of the electrical characteristics
  of the surface layer vary significantly. The intensification of turbulent mixing in the surface layer
  leads to an increase in the height of the electrode layer and, as a consequence, the scale of distribution
  of its parameters. The strengthening of the electric field or air pollution by aerosol particles of sufficient concentration leads to a decrease in its height. An increase in the concentration
  of aerosol particles in the atmosphere reduces the values of the electric charge density at the
  earth's surface. Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with experimental data and the
  results of numerical modeling of the surface layer electrical structure. The analytical formulas
  obtained in the work for calculating the electrical characteristics of the surface layer and the results
  of calculations can be useful in solving a number of applied problems of geophysics, in particular
  for monitoring the electrical state of the atmosphere.

• MODELING OF THE NON-TURBULENT SURFACE LAYER ELECTRODYNAMIC STRUCTURE

  G.V. Kupovkh, A.G. Klovo, V.V. Grivtsov, О. V. Belousova

  2022-08-09

  Abstract ▼

  The article presents an electrodynamic model of the atmospheric surface layer caused by
  the action of the electrode effect near the earth's surface, and an analysis of its equations by methods
  of similarity theory. Mathematical models of the surface layer electrical state in the approximations
  of the classical and turbulent electrode effect are considered separately. In the mathematical
  formulation of modeling problems, a number of well-founded physical assumptions were created
  that made it possible to obtain analytical solutions to the equations. Analytical formulas have
  been obtained for calculating the profiles of aeroion concentrations, the density of the space electric
  charge and the electric field in the electrode layer. As a result of mathematical modeling, the
  dependences of the electrical characteristics distribution in the surface layer on the values of the
  electric field, the degree of air ionization and aerosol pollution of the atmosphere are investigated.
  It is shown that the ratio of the electric field values on the earth's surface and at the upper boundary
  of the electrode layer is almost constant. The increasing of the electric field, the rate of air
  ionization and the presence of sufficient concentration aerosol particles leads to a decrease in the
  thickness of the electrode layer and, as a consequence, the scale of distribution of its parameters.
  An amplification in the degree of ionization increases, and an increase in the concentration of
  aerosol particles in the atmosphere decreases the values of the electric charge density in the surface
  layer. Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with experimental data and the results
  of numerical modeling of the surface layer electrical structure. The analytical formulas obtained
  in the work for calculating the electrical characteristics of the surface layer and the results of
  calculations can be useful in solving a number of applied problems of geophysics, in particular for
  monitoring the electrical state of the atmosphere.