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APPLICATION OF THE FOUR-POLE POINCARE-STEKLOV IN INTERFACE CONSTRUCTION FOR HARDWARE IN THE LOOP SIMULATION
M.N. Maksimov, S.M. Maksimova2022-01-31Abstract ▼The article considers the possibility of using the Poincare-Steklov filter to build an interface
for hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation of system. The Z and Y forms of the filter representation
are given. HIL simulation involves splitting the initial system into parts, with one part being modeled
numerically on a computer, and the second part is represented by a real physical object. The
parts of the system exchange data with each other through a hardware-software interface, which
can be implemented in different ways and should ensure stability, as well as convergence of the
results of HIL simulation to the results of modeling the original system. The variants of constructing
software and hardware interfaces ITM, TLM, TFA, PCD, DIM, GCS and the Poincare-Steklov
filter are described in the relevant literature sources.The article shows how the original nonlinear
system was divided into parts using the Poincare-Steklov filter, which, accordingly, led to the splitting
into parts of the system of equations describing the behavior of the original system. Next, it
was shown how the values of the stabilizing parameters of the Poincare-Steklov filter were calculated
and the systems of equations of the system divided into parts were corrected in accordance
with the obtained values. At the next stage, the article presents the results of numerical modeling
of the initial and partitioned system in MATLAB. When modeling in parts, the parts of the system
exchanged data with each other at each step of the simulation only once with a delay of h. This method of numerical modeling of a system divided into parts is as close as possible to the processes occurring
during semi-natural modeling of systems. A comparison of the obtained simulation results of
the initial and the system divided into parts allowed us to conclude that the Poincare-Steklov filter,
with the correct choice of the values of the stabilizing parameters, allows for the stability and convergence
of the results of semi-natural modeling of both linear and nonlinear systems. -
USING THE FOUR-POLE REPRESENTATION OF THE POINCARE-STEKLOV FILTER FOR HARDWARE IN THE LOOP SIMULATION OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
M.N. Maksimov, S.M. Maksimova2022-01-31Abstract ▼The article shows the possibility of using the Poincare-Steklov filter to ensure the stability of
harware in the loop (HIL) simulation of nonlinear systems.HIL simulation involves splitting the
initial system into parts, with one part being modeled numerically on a computer, and the second
part is represented by a real physical object. The parts of the system exchange data with each
other through a hardware-software interface, which can be implemented in different ways and
should ensure stability, as well as convergence of the results of HIL simulation to the results of
modeling the original system. The variants of constructing software and hardware interfaces ITM,
TLM, TFA, PCD, DIM, GCS and the Poincare-Steklov filter are described in the relevant literature
sources. The article shows how the original nonlinear system was divided into parts using the
Poincare-Steklov filter, which, accordingly, led to the splitting into parts of the system of equations
describing the behavior of the original system. Next, it was shown how the values of the stabilizing
parameters of the Poincare-Steklov filter were calculated and the systems of equations of the system
divided into parts were corrected in accordance with the obtained values. At the next stage,
the article presents the results of numerical modeling of the initial and partitioned system in
MATLAB. When modeling in parts, the parts of the system exchanged data with each other at each
step of the simulation only once with a delay of h. This method of numerical modeling of a system
divided into parts is as close as possible to the processes occurring during semi-natural modeling
of systems. A comparison of the obtained simulation results of the initial and the system divided
into parts allowed us to conclude that the Poincare-Steklov filter, with the correct choice of the
values of the stabilizing parameters, allows for the stability and convergence of the results of seminatural
modeling of both linear and nonlinear systems -
MOBILITY ANALYSIS OF ROBOT SYSTEMS BY MEANS OF SIMULATION
V.A. Gorelov, I.V. Rubtsov, А.А. Stadukhin2020-07-10Abstract ▼The article explains reasons for using computer simulation for mobility enhancement of mo-bile robot systems. The authors focus on the study of the chassis with adaptable configuration of the tracks with the use of the multi-body dynamics software. This approach is asserted to be the most suitable for assessing the cross-country ability and selection of the required characteristics of the drive of vehicles with unconventional running gear. The article also discusses the driving simulator developed at BMSTU for studying the dynamics of mobile robot systems and remotely controlled vehicles. The simulator is based on a mathematical model of the vehicle motion adapted for performing calculations in real time mode. The paper presents a brief description of the model and its main differential equations. In addition to this, a necessary component of the simulator is the software that provides the synthesis of the driving routes based on the known pre-defined sta-tistical characteristics. Thus, the developed simulator allows solving the following main problems: calculating the attainable speed of vehicles and obtaining the load characteristics of the traction drive, as well as debugging control algorithms and studying the interaction of the driver-operator with the vehicle and the environment in the conditions of control signal delay and interference. The simulation method also has an important application in the field of improving the motor-transmission systems of robot systems and remotely controlled machines. Due to the fact that at the moment the most common transmission layout of such vehicles is an individual drive of the driving wheels, increasing the speed of movement of mobile robots requires the use of more pow-erful, and therefore more expensive and heavy electric motors. Thus, the article proposes an ap-proach based on simulation and full-scale and mathematical modeling, which allows to collect the necessary statistical data about the loading modes of the vehicles and determine the required characteristics of electric motors in short-term and long-term operation modes, as well as the desired operating range of the maximum efficiency.
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SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF A PRESSURE SENSOR’S ELASTIC MEMBRANE BASED ON “SILICON ON SAPPHIRE” STRUCTURE
S.P. Malyukov , V. D. Mishnev159-1672025-11-10Abstract ▼High accuracy and improved performance of pressure sensors are essential to ensure safety, quality and efficiency in various industries and machinery. The use of the finite element method (FEM) in the design of pressure sensors makes it possible to improve their accuracy due to a deeper analysis of mechanical and physical processes that arise when exposed to pressure loads. The purpose of this work is to build an accurate three-dimensional model of the sensitive element of the pressure sensor and to analyze the stress-strain state of the elastic membrane under the load from 0 to 15 MPa. The main tasks of the work: research of the properties and parameters of materials used as part of the sensitive element of the pressure sensor based on the structure “silicon on sapphire”; obtaining the values of the maximum equivalent stress arising in the design of the elastic membrane of the sensitive element under the influence of a pressure load of 125% of the nominal value; distribution of radial and tangential deformations of the elastic membrane and determination of the best location of resistance strain gauges on the surface of pressure sensor’s sensitive element. As a result of the research, it was found that the materials used have good resistance to an aggressive environment, as well as the ability to work in a wide temperature range and under high pressure loads. Based on the simulation results, the value of the maximum equivalent stress was determined, the stress value does not exceed the ultimate strength of the sensitive membrane, the distribution of radial and tangential deformations on the surface of the sensitive element was obtained, which makes it possible to determine the most optimal pattern of the resistance stain gauge bridge circuit.
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DETERMINATION OF TARGET COORDINATE ERRORS IN MULTI-POSITION RADAR USING GROUPS OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT
I.V. Borisov , А.S. Kuzmenko , V. Е. Kuryan , Е. М. Levchenko , М.V. Kuryan273-2842025-07-24Abstract ▼The article proposes and develops an algebraic method for determining the coordinates of targets and their errors as part of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles. The main assumptions of the developed model of the functioning of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles: The speeds of aircraft do not exceed the speed of sound in the air, and the speeds of targets do not exceed the first space were justified. The main assumptions of the model of operation of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles: the UAV speeds do not exceed the speed of sound in the air, and the target speeds do not exceed the first space one, are justified in the article. Qualitative estimates of the radar signal reception time for a given spatial error of the target coordinates were presented. The conditions for the number of aircraft in the group are formulated, which increase the accuracy of determining the location of the target in space. The various types of errors that arise when organizing the search for targets by a group of aircraft are analyzed. The issues of dependence of the resulting error in calculating the coordinates of the search target on the error in measuring the distance between the aircraft in the group and the target itself, depending on their mutual spatial orientation, are investigated. An algorithm has been developed, calculations and analysis of the results for this task have been carried out. The simulation is based on the proposed algorithm, taking into account random coordinates of the target in a fixed sector and taking into account random errors in the measured distance between a group of aircraft and the search object. The results of modeling the influence of the configuration of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles and the location of the target on the error in determining its coordinates are presented. An assessment was carried out to determine the coordinates of the goals and an error estimate of the proposed algebraic approach. The ways of further research are determined. The issues of estimating the amount of calculation for a large number of goals are considered.
The scope and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and method for solving the problem as a whole are determined. -
STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC MODEL OF UNDERWATER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BASED ON LOUVAIN CLUSTERING ALGORITHM
А.М. Maevsky , V.А. Ryzhov , Т. А. Fedorova , I. V. Kozhemyakin , N.М. Burov62-812025-07-24Abstract ▼Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) play an important role in monitoring ocean processes, underwater navigation, environmental control and security. However, underwater environment features such as high signal attenuation, limited energy resources and changing network topology create significant challenges in organizing efficient data transmission. To optimize network operation and extend its service life, a clustering method is used to group nodes, reduce the load on communication channels and improve energy efficiency. However, in the event of network node failure, static clustering becomes ineffective, which requires the implementation of dynamic reclustering. The procedure of redistributing node roles and rebuilding the network topology allows maintaining communication stability and minimizing data losses, taking into account the energy balance of the entire network as a whole. This paper examines modern approaches to clustering and reclustering in UWSNs taking into account the energy balance, node failure probability and interference in the transmission medium. The development of adaptive UWSN control methods is an urgent task aimed at increasing the reliability, energy efficiency and durability of underwater communication networks. The article presents a stochastic cross-level model for dynamic three-dimensional PBSNs of arbitrary topology. The model uses a new clustering/reclustering technique based on the Louvain algorithm, a routing protocol built on the Dijkstra method, and a time-domain management (TDMA) method. The proposed PBSN operating model is the basis for the developed simulation complex, which allows assessing the efficiency and reliability of the network, taking into account the loss of connectivity and vulnerabilities for PBSNs of various scales and purposes. As part of the research, a parametric analysis of systematic calculations of the PBSN functional characteristics was performed. The results of the analysis showed that the proposed simulation model provides an increase in the autonomous network operation time and a decrease in the number of lost messages compared to the models of other authors
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INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS IN ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE ANNEALING SIMULATION ALGORITHM
E.V. Kuliev, А.V. Kotelva, М.М. Semenova, S.V. Ignateva, А.P. Kukharenko2022-11-01Abstract ▼The article considers an analytical review of the annealing simulation algorithm for the
problem of efficient enterprise management. The optimization of the annealing simulation algorithm
for the problem of efficient enterprise management has been carried out. For the analysis of
cases, the optimization of the work schedule of workers in the organization was used. Established
worker scheduling model with strong and weak constraints. The simulated annealing algorithm is
used to optimize the strategy for solving the staff scheduling model. The simulated annealing algorithm
is an algorithm suitable for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. It also
evaluates and obtains the optimal scheduling strategy. The simulated annealing algorithm has a
good effect on the data mining of human resource management. Big data mining can help companies
conduct dynamic analysis in talent recruitment, and the talent recruitment plan is carried out
in a quality and standard way to analyze the characteristics of various talents from many angles
and improve the level of human resource management. An algorithm has been developed that implements
the operation of the annealing simulation algorithm. The simulated annealing algorithm
makes new decisions based on the Metropolis criterion, so in addition to making an optimized
decision, it also makes a reduced decision in a limited range. The Metropolis algorithm is a sampling
algorithm mainly used for complex distribution functions. It is somewhat similar to the variance
sampling algorithm, but here the auxiliary distribution function changes over time. Experimental
studies have been carried out that show that a worker scheduling model based on strong
and weak constraints is significantly better than a manual scheduling model, achieving an effective
balance between controlling wage costs in an organization and increasing employee satisfaction.
The successful application of a workforce scheduling model based on a simulated annealing
algorithm brings new insights and insights to solve large-scale worker scheduling problems.
The results presented can serve as a starting point for studying personnel management systems
based on data mining technology. -
SIMULATION OF A HYBRID CONTROLLER FOR CONTROLLING PLASMA WELDING PARAMETERS
Al-Shamki Amir Abdulkadim Ouda, V.V. Shadrina, V.G. Galalu2022-08-09Abstract ▼One of the most common technological operations is welding of individual parts and blocks.
Welding is widely used in shipbuilding, aviation, defense and chemical industries, in the construction
of oil and gas pipelines. At the same time, very strict requirements are imposed on the quality of the
weld in terms of strength, absence of voids and cavities, operability at high pressures (up to 100 kGf /
cm2) and in a wide temperature range (± 50 ° C). Plasma (argon) welding meets these requirements
most fully. A brief analytical review on the research topic was carried out. It is shown that a promising
direction for the development of plasma welding control systems is the use of hybrid regulators
created on the basis of classical automatic control methods and fuzzy control, formalizing the average
knowledge of experts. The fuzzy component (expert knowledge) should be available for quick and
easy input into the controller. A block diagram and a model of a single channel of a hybrid controller
was developed in the Matlab Simulink environment. The current control channel was modeled using
a fuzzy controller from the Fuzzy Logic library, using the Mamdani fuzzy output algorithm. 19 variants
of linguistic and fuzzy variables were set, the surface of the variable membership function was
obtained. It should be noted that it is possible to quickly enter linguistic assessments of experts into
the memory of the hybrid controller. The behavior of hybrid controller models and standard PI and
PID controllers under a single step action was analyzed. The hybrid regulator provides significantly
better quality indicators (2.5-3 times) than standard regulators. The hybrid controller enters the
steady-state mode after 6s, the PID controller – after 13s, the PI controller - after 15s, and the standard
regulators have an overshoot (first emission) of up to 50%. Thus, the real possibility of constructing
a fuzzy hybrid controller with specified characteristics is shown. It is possible to implement a
hybrid controller in the form of an FPGA. -
MOVEMENT STABILIZATION OF THE QUADCOPTER ALONG A GIVEN TRAJECTORY USING A SUBOPTIMAL CONTROL LAW WITH H2/H -CRITERION
I.S. Trenev2022-04-21Abstract ▼The aim of the study is to construct a suboptimal controller with the -criterion that stabilizes
the deviation of the dynamic system from the given program trajectory. It is assumed that an impulse
disturbance will be applied to one input of the system, and an -disturbance to the second one.
The -norm is equal to the maximum value of the -output norm for all - and impulse disturbances
vectors for which the sum of the quadratic form of the impulse disturbance vector with a given
weight matrix and the squared -norm of the second disturbance never greater than one. In this paper,
it is required to demonstrate the process of calculating the -norm in terms of linear matrix inequalities
for a dynamical system and a system with uncertainty. An important role in the process of
combining the -norm and the -norm in the -norm is played by the weight matrix included
in the definition of this norm. It should be noted that, unlike the -norm, the -norm is achieved
in the sense of the worst - and impulse disturbances, where the maximum value of the -output norm
is reached. It is necessary to obtain and linearize the mathematical model of the quadcopter, build a
programmed trajectory, and stabilize the deviations using a suboptimal control law with the -
criterion in the presence of noise in the system. Linear matrix inequalities are used for suboptimal control
searching. The object of this study is a quadcopter, which is an unmanned aerial vehicle with four
engines with propellers that create thrust. The axes of the propellers and the angles of the blades are
fixed and only the speed of rotation is regulated, which greatly simplifies the design. Using the Newton-
Euler equation, a nonlinear mathematical model of a quadcopter is obtained, and this model is linearized.
In the MATLAB environment, using the applied package for modeling and optimization YALMIP,
Sedumi toolbox, numerical modeling, and construction of quadcopter motion trajectories are performed.
After that, in the Simulink environment, a control block that stabilizes the movement of the
quadcopter along a given trajectory in the presence of - and impulse disturbances in the system is
constructed. At the end, a demonstration of the process of virtual visualization of the flight is made. -
MULTIPHYSICS SIMULATION IN ANSYS CFX AND SYSTEM COUPLING OF HEAT TRANSFER INSIDE HERMRTIC CASE OF STRAPDOWN INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM
А.А. Medeltsev, P. А. Shapovalov, М. V. Voronov, А. I. Polukhina, P.N. Sigaleva, А.V. Frolov2022-04-21Abstract ▼The article presents a numerical simulation of non-stationary convective-conductive heat
transfer of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), developed in the JSC «CNIIAG».
The numerical simulation is carried out in the ANSYS Mechanical. The aim of the study is a comprehensive
analysis of heat exchange processes, which are characteristic to the device operation,
including mutual spatial influence of thermal powers on each other, as well as on the block of
sensitive elements. The simulation of heat transfer inside the hermetic case of the SINS is carried out for critical operating conditions in a strongly and weakly coupled consideration with a comparison
of both approaches. ANSYS Mechanical, CFX and System Coupling simulation modules
are chosen for program implementation of each approach. The k-e model of air turbulence with
implicit consideration of the effect in the boundary layers and diffusion correction in shear flows is
chosen for this approach. External heat exchange with ambient air is considered by setting convective
boundary conditions on the external surfaces of the SINS, considering their orientation.
To obtain numerical values of the heat transfer coefficients, the orientation of each surface in
space is taken into account by using the appropriate coefficient. The presence of irregularities on
the surfaces of the SINS in the contacts between solid components is considered by using the calculation
of thermal resistances of the actual contact and intercontact layer. The simulation results
of deformed state of SINS structural system, resulting from the action of a non-symmetric thermal
field, is presented. The analysis of the obtained graphs is carried out. Stiffness indicators of the
SINS structural system is defined as angles of deviation of sensitivity axes caused by thermal deformations.
The obtained results make it possible to evaluate the engineering solutions for the
quality of heat removal from the elements of the PCBs, bypassing the sensitive elements of the
device, adopted at the stage of product layout. -
NON-CONTACT FLUXGATE POSITION SENSOR FOR MONITORING THE STATE OF THE VALVE
S.А. Matyunin, R.А. Zhigalov, А.А. Igolkin204-2172025-08-04Abstract ▼The aim of the study is to develop a non-contact fluxgate position sensor to control the open / closed state of the valve. There are many examples of the use in modern technology of elements or devices that interact with a magnetic field. One of the most urgent tasks is to use the influence of the magnetic field as a means of control or as a component of the control environment. The use of magneto-optical sensors for monitoring the functioning of technical objects is due to their non-contact measurement method, the ability to measure not only magnetic, but also various other physical quantities, the relative simplicity, reliability and low cost of the design of the sensitive element, flexibility in use, operation in low-temperature and high-temperature environments. One of the sensors of this type is a fluxgate magnetic field converter. Valves of various pneumohydraulic systems are an example of the object of introduction of a fluxgate sensor. The essence of the task is to create a non-contact limit switch of the valve spool, signaling the closed or open state of the valve and transmitting this information to the control system. It is pro-posed to divide this task into stages and their sequential implementation. First, a search and anal-ysis of existing solutions that implement the position sensor using the fluxgate control method is carried out to improve the design being developed. Next, the initial design of the sensitive element of the fluxgate transducer is developed, according to the initial design, a geometric 3D model of the sensitive element is created, and the proposed material of the constituent elements of the sen-sor is selected. With the help of numerical methods of computer simulation, the operation of the sensor is simulated and its output characteristic is determined under various operating modes. According to the design characteristics, the optimal design and configuration of the sensor's sens-ing element is selected and calculated. As a result of the simulation, assembly and working draw-ings of the sensor are developed. The proposed method for solving the problem is characterized by the complexity of studying nonlinear magnetic systems and their modeling. The results of this study can be recommended for the development of magneto-optical sensors of this or another type and for the study of materials with nonlinear magnetic properties.
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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES POLARIZATION TRANSFORMATION BY PRINTED GRATINGS AT MICROWAVES
А. О. Kasyanov2022-01-31Abstract ▼The problem of printed gratings application is considered as converters of electromagnetic
waves polarization and polarizing modulators. Two directions in development of antenna engineering
are considered in this paper. In each of them the scattering fields control of an antenna
arrays allows essentially to expand functionalities of radio engineering sets. The first direction is
the creation of auxiliary depolarizing reflectors for two-mirror reflector antennas and folded
lenses. In addition, in twist-reflectors based on printed gratings, it is possible to constructively
realize the necessary phase distributions of the field on their surfaces. Thus, it becomes possible to
use such twist-reflectors to create phase-correcting twist-reflectors. The second direction is connected
to application of antenna arrays for a reduction of a radar cross section of the radartracking
targets. Transformation of a field polarization by an antenna array allows to achieve both
these purposes. In an aspect of high cost and complexity of arrays experimental researches as a method of the analysis the mathematical simulation is selected. Besides, it is shown that introduction
of impedance loads in the construction of the re-radiating elements of the printed grating
opens additional possibilities for controlling the field scattered by it. Thus, twist reflectors with
improved characteristics can be realized on the basis of microstrip-pin gratings. The given results
can be used for choosing the most of rational electrodynamic structure geometry variant at decision
of particular problems by antennas engineering. The possible flat arrays based on printed
complicated shape elements application area is also discussed and it's shown these arrays are the
very attractive type for controllable radioelectronic covers designing at microwaves. Some numerical
results presented prove the possibility of a printed reflectarrays application as smart covers
microwave modules. -
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AVIATION SPRAYING WHEN IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF AERIAL-CHEMICAL WORKS
V.P. Asovsky, A.S. Kuzmenko2021-12-24Abstract ▼The article considers some practical issues of solving the problems of improving the technology
of aerial-chemical works using methods of computer modeling of its processes, in particular, on
non-traditional modes of aviation spraying. These modes are typical for the treatment of areas with
obstacles at the borders, when the introduction of working fluids is carried out when the aircraft
descends in the approach to the production passage over the area at the required flight altitude and
climb after its end. The carried out computational and theoretical studies on the example of the An-2
biplane aircraft using the previously developed and tested multifactor software tools for modeling the
processes of forming a vortex trace of an aircraft and depositing in it a spectrum of drops of working
fluids characteristic of aviation spraying have shown that the use of unconventional technological
treatment modes can significantly increase the productivity, safety and integral efficiency of aerialchemical
works and measures for chemicalization of agricultural production in general. It is shown
that to increase the efficiency of aviation spraying of areas limited by obstacles, it is technically possible
and economically feasible to use a work scheme that provides for the beginning and end of processing
of such areas at the stage of descent and climb at distances from obstacles corresponding to
1-2 seconds of the aircraft flight (for An-2 aircraft at distances of 50–150 m at a flight altitude of up
to 20 m). Such a scheme provides an increase in the productivity of aviation spraying up to 10–15 %,
a reduction in the prime cost of treatments by 3–5 % and an increase in economic efficiency by
2–3 % with an increase in their total effect by 6–8 %. -
EFFECTS OF NONLINEAR INFORMATION INTERACTION OF MARINE TECHNOGENIC OBJECTS
А.А. Kurnosov2021-01-19Abstract ▼With regard to the interaction of complex systems, the issues of monitoring the information situation,
the types of information interactions and the topological approach to taking into account the
multimedia interaction of complex systems in the underwater environment are considered. The classification
of the main effects arising from information interaction of marine technogenic objects is
given. Three main groups of effects associated with the physics of media, with the features of the
propagation of energy in these media and with the features of the actual interaction of two or more
objects are distinguished. The scheme of clustering of effects is given: uncertainty, incompatibility,
nonlinearity, relativistic effects, effects on the boundaries of media. Within these clusters, the article
considers the following effects: an increase in the intensity of information exchange, the emergence
of unpredictable new connections, causal incompatibility, antipodes, glare, backlights, relativistic
effects. It is shown that there are certain differences in the information interaction of objects in media
with different interaction rates and dissipation of interaction energy. These differences are manifested
in an increase in the intensity of exchange in dense media at some "proximity" distances. In thiscase, the emergence of unpredictable causal relationships is observed. During the exchange of information
in these regions of the singularity, in addition to the effects caused by the peculiarities of
the propagation of signals in water, the effects associated precisely with the information interaction
of two or more objects are observed. It is noted that almost all effects can lead to a significant distortion
of the information perceived by objects and to a violation of the decision-making process. Incompatibility
effects have the greatest catastrophic potential. At high speeds of movement of marine
technogenic objects for individual observers, a violation of causality is possible. The scheme of violation
of causality in the interaction of objects is shown, associated with the loss of information of
two types – relativistic (due to the excess of the speed of movement of objects over the speed of interaction
in the medium) and geometric (due to the exit of a "fast" object from the region of "slow" pulse
propagation). It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out physical simulation using highperformance
systems and modern mathematical methods on a single criterion basis. -
SIMULATION MODELING OF GRAIN HEATING BY THE ENERGY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC MICROWAVE FIELD
N.N. Kisel , А. А. Vaganova, A. N. Savitskiy2020-10-11Abstract ▼High speed and efficiency of microwave heating of dielectrics makes it possible to use the
electromagnetic field to heat and dry almost any material containing moisture. One of the promising
areas for the use of microwave energy is the intensification of the grain drying process.
To ensure rapid prototyping and reduce the possibility of losses caused by errors at various stages
of equipment development and implementation, model development is of particular importance.
The purpose of this work is to perform simulation of a slotted waveguide grating for grain drying.
The main task of the simulation is to ensure an even distribution of power to each slot. A specialized
software package FEKO is used as a modeling environment. To describe the model, an exact
calculation method is used - the method of moments. The distribution of the electric field and specific
absorbed power in a layer of grain exposed to microwave radiation is obtained. The models
were verified by comparing the results obtained with different mesh values of surface elements.
Modeling the distribution of the electric field strength showed that moving the waveguides away
from the cell with the grain leads to the leveling of the field irregularities, but in this case some of
the radiated power is dissipated into space. In this case, an increase in the distance between the
waveguides and the cell with grain does not affect the antenna SWR. It should be noted that in a
real situation, the wave nature of the field is smoothed out due to heat transfer, and this phenomenon
cannot be taken into account in the process of electromagnetic simulation. In addition, the
entire variety of possible changes in the dielectric parameters of grain should be investigated in
order to analyze the process of wave propagation in grain with high moisture. It is also advisable
to consider other modifications of slotted waveguide antennas, which can provide more uniform
heating in the container with grain. -
SIMULATION MODELING OF MILK HEATING BY THE ENERGY OF MICROWAVE FIELD
N.N. Kisel, А. А. Vaganova, I. A. Vaganov2020-10-11Abstract ▼Heat treatment of dielectric materials and food products is one of the important directions in
the development of the production of various products. The use of the electromagnetic field energy
of ultrahigh frequencies for drying, heating, defrosting and pasteurizing food products is promising,
since such technologies are suitable for processing various dielectric materials and, at the
same time, are efficient and environmentally friendly. Despite many developments in the field of
microwave processing of materials, the creation of a universal device suitable for heat treatment of
any kind of materials is difficult because of the variety of their shapes and sizes, as well as the
significant difference in the electrical properties of variouse dielectrics. Therefore, in each specific
case, it is required to create an optimal design of the device and choose the option for exciting the
electromagnetic field. This work is devoted to modeling the absorption of energy of the microwave
electromagnetic field in a device for milk pasteurization. Using CAD FEKO, a 3D model of the
device was built and its operation was modeled. The study of the influence of the angle of inclination
of quartz tubes on the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the waveguide is carried out.
The results show that most of the power is absorbed closer to the beginning of the waveguide, and
this phenomenon is more pronounced with an increase in the angle of inclination of the tubes.
On the basis of performed calculations, the optimal angle of inclination of the tubes was determined.
The influence of the diameter and material of the tubes was also considered. The distributions
of the electric field and specific power absorbed per kg of dielectric in the waveguide are
obtained. The accuracy of the results is evaluated. Possible modifications of the proposed design
of the pasteurization device can be made by choosing other variants of the arrangement of the
tubes with milk. The thickness of the tube's walls can also affect the absorbed power. In addition,
the composition of milk can change its electrophysical properties, and therefore can also affect the
level of absorbed power. However, these questions require further research.
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