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• EVOLVABLE ADAS: H-GQM S.M.A.R.T.E.S.T. APPROACH

  D.E. Chickrin, А. А. Egorchev, D.V. Ermakov

  2020-07-20

  Abstract ▼

  The introduction to the mass market of vehicles with an ADAS 3+ level of automation is expected
  in the early 2020s. Currently, the vast majority of automakers conduct research in this
  field, a fairly large number of prototypes, pre-production and production systems have already
  been demonstrated. ADAS (advanced driver assistance systems) are complex hardware & software
  systems, the feature of which is that the core hardware platform remains unchanged for one or
  even several generations of vehicles (5–7 years). At the same time, the system should be able to
  transform and evolve to correct errors and expand functionality, especially due to active development
  of sensory peripheral systems and software algorithms. The GQM methodology and its modifications
  are used to support the development process of complex systems and evaluate them.
  However, these methodologies are limited exclusively to software products. Also, authors of these
  methodologies are not addressing explicitly the issues of applying the GQM methodology for analyzing
  and tracking the process of evolution of complex technical systems. This paper presents HGQM
  (Hardware GQM) methodology for controllable evolution of complex automotive hardware
  & software systems. The H-GQM methodology is based on GQM and is aimed at hardwaresoftware
  systems with a monolithic hardware core, a modifiable software core and atomic peripherals.
  Entity harmonization process is described to prove the applicability of the GQM for software-
  and-hardware systems analysis. S.M.A.R.T.E.S.T goal-setting concept is proposed for choice
  of evolutionary goals. This concept is based on S.M.A.R.T. criteria for the setting objectives of
  business processes and extended with harmonization and evolvability restrictions. The formulation
  of the H-GQM plan framework is provided using ADAS as an example. Within the framework of
  the proposed methodology, an ADAS-specific scalable target template has been formed.

• EFFECTS OF NONLINEAR INFORMATION INTERACTION OF MARINE TECHNOGENIC OBJECTS

  А.А. Kurnosov

  2021-01-19

  Abstract ▼

  With regard to the interaction of complex systems, the issues of monitoring the information situation,
  the types of information interactions and the topological approach to taking into account the
  multimedia interaction of complex systems in the underwater environment are considered. The classification
  of the main effects arising from information interaction of marine technogenic objects is
  given. Three main groups of effects associated with the physics of media, with the features of the
  propagation of energy in these media and with the features of the actual interaction of two or more
  objects are distinguished. The scheme of clustering of effects is given: uncertainty, incompatibility,
  nonlinearity, relativistic effects, effects on the boundaries of media. Within these clusters, the article
  considers the following effects: an increase in the intensity of information exchange, the emergence
  of unpredictable new connections, causal incompatibility, antipodes, glare, backlights, relativistic
  effects. It is shown that there are certain differences in the information interaction of objects in media
  with different interaction rates and dissipation of interaction energy. These differences are manifested
  in an increase in the intensity of exchange in dense media at some "proximity" distances. In thiscase, the emergence of unpredictable causal relationships is observed. During the exchange of information
  in these regions of the singularity, in addition to the effects caused by the peculiarities of
  the propagation of signals in water, the effects associated precisely with the information interaction
  of two or more objects are observed. It is noted that almost all effects can lead to a significant distortion
  of the information perceived by objects and to a violation of the decision-making process. Incompatibility
  effects have the greatest catastrophic potential. At high speeds of movement of marine
  technogenic objects for individual observers, a violation of causality is possible. The scheme of violation
  of causality in the interaction of objects is shown, associated with the loss of information of
  two types – relativistic (due to the excess of the speed of movement of objects over the speed of interaction
  in the medium) and geometric (due to the exit of a "fast" object from the region of "slow" pulse
  propagation). It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out physical simulation using highperformance
  systems and modern mathematical methods on a single criterion basis.

• TOP-DOWN VS BOTTOM-UP METHODOLOGIES FOR ADAS SYSTEM DESIGN

  D.E. Chickrin, А. А. Egorchev

  2021-07-18

  Abstract ▼

  Selection of the principal design methodology has a significant impact on final product
  quality, including its evolvability and scalability. The article discusses the features of traditional
  bottom-up and top-down design methodologies in the context of ADAS (driver assistance and automated
  driving systems). Necessity of the combined design methodology is shown due to unacceptability
  of “pure” methodologies for design of this kind of systems. For this purpose, the features
  and limitations of the top-down approach are considered: commitment to maximum compliance
  of the developed system with its requirements; methodological rigor of the approach; difficulty
  of system testing in the process of the development; sensitivity to changes in requirements.
  The features and limitations of the bottom-up approach are considered: possibility of iterative
  development with obtaining intermediate results; possibility of using standard components; scalability
  and flexibility of the developed system; possibility of discrepancy of functions of subsystems
  to requirements, which may appear only at later stages of development; possible inconsistency in
  development of separate subsystems and elements. The features and factors of ADAS system development
  are considered: increased requirements for reliability and safety of the system; heterogeneity
  of used components. Two stages of ADAS-systems development are distinguished: the
  stage of intensive development and the stage of extensive evolution. The applicability of one or
  another methodology to various aspects of ADAS system development and evolution (such as:
  requirements definition; compositional morphism; scalability and extensibility; stability and sustainability;
  cost and development time; development capability) is considered. A comparison of themethodologies concludes that there are aspects of technical system design and development in
  which there is a significant advantage of one or the other of the methodologies. Only the bottomup
  approach can ensure the proper evolution of the system. However, for complex systems, it is
  critical to define the initial requirements for the system, which can only be achieved using the topdown
  methodology.