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• COMPUTATIONAL FORENSICS METHODOLOGY AND FORMAL VERIFICATION OF EXPERT FINDINGS

  Е.S. Abramov

  45-68

  2026-07-07

  Abstract ▼

  This paper addresses the fundamental challenge of overcoming the systemic epistemological crisis in digital forensics. This crisis is driven by an expanding semantic gap between the probabilistic and stochastic nature of digital traces—frequently compromised by anti-forensic techniques—and the rigorous demands of adversarial legal proceedings for the legal certainty of evidence. The article is conceptual in nature and establishes the theoretical foundation of computational forensics as an independent scientific discipline. The study justifies a necessary paradigm shift from traditional heuristic artifact-discovery approaches and subjective expert opinions toward a rigorous methodology grounded in the principles of algorithmic reproducibility, the measurability of uncertainty, and formal verifiability. The author develops a set-theoretic ontological model of a computer incident, which is built upon the "subject–method–object" (S-M-O) triad and the axiom of process trace conservation. This model enables a one-to-one mapping of low-level technical indicators (IoA, IoB, IoC) onto the legal elements of a crime (corpus delicti). Furthermore, a methodology for the formal verification of hypothesis validity is proposed, incorporating the criteria of structural completeness, causal coherence, logical consistency, and factual grounding. For the first time, a mathematical model for assessing the reliability of expert findings using a logistic function (trust function) is introduced into scientific discourse. This model enables the calculation of the probability of a juridical fact by aggregating taxonomic compliance metrics, the strength of causal relationships within the incident graph, and an environmental entropy penalty. The application of the developed approach transforms forensic incident reconstruction from an ill-posed inverse problem into a deterministic procedure, ensuring the mathematically provable objectivity of the evidentiary base even under conditions of incomplete data and active anti-forensic countermeasures.

• EFFECTS OF NONLINEAR INFORMATION INTERACTION OF MARINE TECHNOGENIC OBJECTS

  А.А. Kurnosov

  2021-01-19

  Abstract ▼

  With regard to the interaction of complex systems, the issues of monitoring the information situation,
  the types of information interactions and the topological approach to taking into account the
  multimedia interaction of complex systems in the underwater environment are considered. The classification
  of the main effects arising from information interaction of marine technogenic objects is
  given. Three main groups of effects associated with the physics of media, with the features of the
  propagation of energy in these media and with the features of the actual interaction of two or more
  objects are distinguished. The scheme of clustering of effects is given: uncertainty, incompatibility,
  nonlinearity, relativistic effects, effects on the boundaries of media. Within these clusters, the article
  considers the following effects: an increase in the intensity of information exchange, the emergence
  of unpredictable new connections, causal incompatibility, antipodes, glare, backlights, relativistic
  effects. It is shown that there are certain differences in the information interaction of objects in media
  with different interaction rates and dissipation of interaction energy. These differences are manifested
  in an increase in the intensity of exchange in dense media at some "proximity" distances. In thiscase, the emergence of unpredictable causal relationships is observed. During the exchange of information
  in these regions of the singularity, in addition to the effects caused by the peculiarities of
  the propagation of signals in water, the effects associated precisely with the information interaction
  of two or more objects are observed. It is noted that almost all effects can lead to a significant distortion
  of the information perceived by objects and to a violation of the decision-making process. Incompatibility
  effects have the greatest catastrophic potential. At high speeds of movement of marine
  technogenic objects for individual observers, a violation of causality is possible. The scheme of violation
  of causality in the interaction of objects is shown, associated with the loss of information of
  two types – relativistic (due to the excess of the speed of movement of objects over the speed of interaction
  in the medium) and geometric (due to the exit of a "fast" object from the region of "slow" pulse
  propagation). It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out physical simulation using highperformance
  systems and modern mathematical methods on a single criterion basis.