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• ON THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING PHASE SHIFTS IN THE MIXER

  V.V. Serdukov, К. S. Korotkov

  2024-10-08

  Abstract ▼

  The aim of the study is to solve the problem of the influence of the nonlinearity of phase shifts of
  harmonics during frequency multiplication on the measurement results of absolute phase shifts occurring
  in mixers and errors in various measurement methods of these shifts in the mixer during heterodyne frequency
  conversion of the input ultrahigh frequency (microwave) signal. Since the signal at the input of the
  microwave mixer and the intermediate frequency signal at its output lie in different frequency ranges, it is
  impossible by traditional methods to measure the phase shift introduced by the nonlinear element of the
  mixer into the intermediate frequency signal during the heterodyne frequency conversion of the input microwave
  signal. The problem that we have considered in this study is to identify the measurement error of
  absolute phase shifts that occur in a mixing diode during heterodyne frequency conversion due to its nonlinearity.
  This error can have a significant impact on the accuracy of measurements, and therefore its
  accounting and compensation are important tasks in radio engineering and communications. This scientific
  article demonstrates the important inequality of the phase shifts of harmonics multiplied by the phase
  shift of the multiplied signal used in the measurement methods of absolute phase shifts of mixers. We also
  proposed an innovative method devoid of these measurement errors, which allows us to take into account the nonlinearity of the mixing diode and provide more accurate measurements. The results of this study
  are of great importance for accurate measurements in radio engineering and communications. The proposed
  method, devoid of these errors, can significantly increase the accuracy of measurements of absolute
  phase shifts of mixers with heterodyne frequency conversion. This innovative solution allows you to take
  into account the nonlinearity of the mixing diode and provide accurate measurements, which can be very
  useful when creating devices capable of measuring the phase shift of the microwave mixer under test and
  vector voltmeters based on programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGAs).

• RESEARCH OF THE PHASE DIFFERENCE IN OPTOELECTRONIC AND MICROWAVE INTERFACE MODULES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS WITH MULTILEVEL MODULATION FORMATS

  V.V. Serdukov, К. S. Korotkov, А.V. Golan, А.Т. Manshina, S. Е. Kaliuzhnaya

  2024-10-08

  Abstract ▼

  The purpose of the study is to calculate and design the device that measures the phase differences of
  signals, with the ability to receive control commands and transmit the results via a high-speed Ethernet
  interface. Any modern measuring device of the optical or ultrahigh frequency (microwave) range has an
  important element in its design, without which no measurement is possible, namely, a vector voltmeter that
  measures the phase shift and the ratio of signal amplitudes. Practically no one is engaged in the implementation
  of such devices and such developments are mainly the intellectual property of large companies,
  therefore, the design and creation of such a device in a widely available version is necessary. We have
  considered modern modulation formats and the implementation of transponders for the transmission of
  optical signals using multi-level formats of quadrature phase shift manipulation with double polarization
  (DP QPSK) and 16-position quadrature amplitude modulation with double polarization (DP 16QAM), as
  well as the basic methods for constructing vector voltmeters using microcontrollers and field programmable
  gate arrays (FPGA), optical communication channels were simulated and a phase shift measurement
  device was created. As a result of our research, we obtained a vector voltmeter on an FPGA, which, in
  turn, can be used to create an installation for measuring the phase shift of mixers connected via an Ethernet
  interface. Also, in the Verilog HDL hardware programming language for the Altera Cyclone V FPGA,
  a program code has been compiled for an electronic computing machine to measure the phase difference
  of two harmonic signals. A C program has been implemented for the ARM Cortex A9 processor in the
  Quartus Prime Lite environment as part of the Cyclone V ultra-large integrated circuit (VLSI), transmitting
  measurement results in real time over the 1GB interface to a computer with the ability to receive control
  commands.