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• IMPROVING INTERFERENCE IMMUNITY OF GROUND-TO-AIR RADIO LINKS BY ADAPTIVE ROUTE MODIFICATION OF A UAV RELAY BASED ON INTERFERENCE ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS

  А. А. Shmidt , V.R. Bikbulatov , D.N. Polyakov , А.А. Tkhakakhov

  2026-04-29

  Abstract ▼

  The relevance of the work is driven by the increasing intensity of electronic countermeasures in the tactical command echelon, where traditional relay communication methods with fixed routes fail to ensure the required interference immunity and signal security. The objective of this study is to develop a method for adaptive route control of a UAV relay based on continuous monitoring of the electromagnetic environment in order to improve interference immunity of ground-to-air radio links. The primary method employed is multi-criteria flight path optimization with adaptive weighting coefficients, simultaneously considering three criteria: minimization of interference levels at the relay operating frequencies, ensuring radio accessibility with network correspondents, and reduction of detection probability by enemy electronic warfare assets. To reconstruct the spatial interference pattern from a limited set of onboard measurements, several interpolation and extrapolation methods are examined: inverse distance weighting, radial basis function interpolation, and statistical extrapolation based on a spatial correlation function. A cyclic operational procedure for the adaptive routing system is developed, comprising data collection, construction of a three-dimensional interference map, prediction of its evolution, calculation of the optimal trajectory, and monitoring of the maneuver outcome. Simulation results show that the proposed method increases the signal-to-interference ratio by 1.5–2 dB on average and up to 8 dB in the worst-case scenario compared to fixed-route flight. The practical significance lies in the possibility of implementing the proposed method using existing UAV platforms and radio-electronic equipment without fundamentally new technical solutions.

• THEORETICAL STUDY OF ESTIMATING THE PROBABILITY OF A CONNECTION IN SYSTEMS WITH BROADBAND SIGNALS AND FHSS

  D.I. Konkov , А. А. Schmidt , D.N. Polyakov , V.R. Bikbulatov

  285-294

  2025-07-24

  Abstract ▼

  The article is devoted to a theoretical study of the probabilistic characteristics of communication systems with broadband signals and pseudorandom tuning of the operating frequency in a complex electromagnetic environment. An analytical tool for calculating the communication probability is presented, taking into account the complex effects of multipath propagation, frequency-selective fading, and intentional interference. The dependence of the communication probability on the signal-to-noise ratio is investigated using integral expressions that take into account the normal power distribution at the input of the receiving device. A mathematical analysis of the transmission function of the communication channel as a complex characteristic describing the amplitude-frequency and phase distortions during signal propagation is performed. Theoretical models of synchronization processes are developed, including the stages of signal search, capture, and tracking, using the Markum function to describe the probability of signal detection against the background of Gaussian noise. Methods for optimizing the key parameters of the RFP system, such as the frequency tuning period, the total number of frequency channels, and the width of the protective frequency interval, are proposed. The theoretical foundations of adaptive control based on the maximum likelihood method and recursive filtering for estimating the parameters of the channel\are described. The energy efficiency of systems with RFP is studied, taking into account the frequency tuning losses and the necessary adjustment of the signal-to-noise ratio. A comprehensive indicator of the quality of a communication system combining probabilistic, energy, and time characteristics of the system is proposed. Analytical expressions are developed for estimating the intensity of synchronization failure based on statistical analysis of experimental data and calculation of the covariance matrix of measurement noise. The expediency of using reference signals to increase the reliability of measurements of communication channel parameters in adaptive control of the system is justified. Relations are derived for determining the duration of the synchronization window, taking into account the maximum allowable time of entering synchronism and the margin factor, which takes into account possible frequency instabilities of the reference generators.  The influence of the protective frequency interval on preventing inter-channel interference and ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of neighboring channels is analyzed. The presented theoretical results provide a scientific basis for the design of radio systems with increased noise immunity and can be used in the development of adaptive algorithms for controlling RF control systems in a dynamically changing electromagnetic environment, ensuring a balance between the reliability of information transmission and the efficiency of using frequency-time resources of the communication system.

• A SOFTWARE FOR AUTOMATED DESIGN OF MULTILAYER SHIELDING FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT PROTECTION FROM HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES BASED ON GEANT4

  L.А. Zinchenko, V.V. Kazakov, R.R. Moiseev, Е. S. Polyakov

  2024-05-28

  Abstract ▼

  The article presents open source software for automating the design of radiation protection screens
  using Geant4 to protect electronic equipment from heavy charged particles. The article presents the chosen
  architecture for the implementation of the proposed approach, and also formulates the required input
  data and the resulting output data. The route of designing a screen based on input data about the material
  is described as a sequence of creating appropriate successor classes. This article is an in-depth study
  devoted to the development of open source software based on the Geant4 framework, which uses the Monte
  Carlo method aimed at automating the design process of radiation protection screens in order to ensure
  effective protection of electronic equipment from the effects of heavy charged particles. The article examines
  in detail the architecture of the developed software, including a description of the main components
  and technologies used in its creation, as well as determining the necessary input data and formulating
  requirements for the software product. The presented screen design route is described as a sequence of
  creating appropriate successor classes and their interaction within the framework of the developed architecture,
  which ensures the efficiency and accuracy of radiation protection calculations. The results of this
  work represent a new innovative approach to the design of radiation protection screens, which has the
  potential to significantly increase the reliability and safety of electronic systems under the influence of
  heavy charged particles. They are of great practical importance for specialists in the field of radiation
  protection and electronics development, providing them with an effective tool for analyzing and optimizing
  radiation protection screens. In addition, the results of the study are of interest to researchers working in
  the field of modeling radiation effects and developing new methods for protecting electronics from radiation
  exposure. In general, the article represents a significant contribution to the field of radiation protection
  and electronics, and is also the basis for further research and development in this direction.