АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕГО РАСКРОЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ РЕСУРС-СТОИМОСТНОГО ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ
Ключевые слова:
Оптимальный раскрой, ресурс-стоимостной показатель, база данных, программа оптимизации раскроя
Аннотация
Применяемые программы и САПР по раскрою различных материалов эффективны в
условиях единичного и многономенклатурного мелкосерийного производства с применением
группового метода раскроя на заготовки произвольной геометрической формы. При рас-
крое листового и рулонного металлопроката в условиях крупносерийного и массового про-
изводства, характеризующегося индивидуальным раскроем на одноименные заготовки,
созданные программы имеют ограниченное применение. Для автоматизированного раскроя
в условиях такого производства необходима адаптация применяемых или создание новых
систем и программ с применением современных подходов и новой схемы проектирования
раскроя на основе использования нового показателя эффективности раскроя с минимиза-
цией себестоимости выпускаемой продукции, ведения расчета для деталей одной группы
(по марке и толщине), что позволит рационально подбирать отходы на другие детали
данной группы. Для решения поставленной задачи предложена и рассмотрена в статье
новая модель оптимизации гильотинного раскроя с минимизацией затрат на металл и
снижением себестоимости раскройных изделий. Для реализации автоматизированного
проектирования раскроя в зависимости от нового ресурс-стоимостного показателя (РСП)
и управления информацией о подетальном раскрое металла в ходе проведенных авторами
исследований разработана база данных «Кластер деталей «ПРОМ-2013»» и программа
«ПРОМ-2013», позволяющая произвести оценку эффективности раскроя по РСП и вы-
брать оптимальный вариант. На примере детали «Панель боковины» показаны эффек-
тивность разработанного алгоритма и этапы автоматизированного проектирования
оптимального раскроя на основе показателя РСП с формированием выходных документов
«карт раскроя материалов».
Литература
1. Gimadi E.Kh. O nekotorykh matematicheskikh modelyakh i metodakh planirovaniya krupnomasshtabnykh
proektov [On some mathematical models and methods for planning large-scale
projects], Modeli i metody optimizatsii [Models and methods of optimization]. Novosibirsk:
Nauka, 1988, pp. 89-115.
2. Mukhacheva A.S., Valeeva A.F., Kartak V.M. Zadachi dvukhmernoy upakovki v konteynery:
novye podkhody k razrabotke metodov lokal'nogo poiska optimum [Problems of twodimensional
packaging in containers: new approaches to the development of methods for local
search for the optimum]. Moscow: MAI, 2004, 193 p.
3. Mukhacheva E.A., Verkhoturov M.A., Martynov V.V. Modeli i metody rascheta raskroyaupakovki
geometricheskikh ob"ektov [Models and methods for calculating cutting and packing
of geometric objects]. Ufa: UGATU, 1998, 216 p.
4. Lipovetskiy A.I. Geometricheskiy podkhod k vychisleniyu optimuma v zadache
pryamougol'nogo raskroya [Geometric approach to calculating the optimum in the problem of
rectangular cutting], Tr. Sankt-Peterburgskogo matematicheskogo obshchestva [Proceedings
of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society], 2007, Vol. 13, pp. 121-142.
5. Sirazetdinov T.M. Proektirovanie gil'otinnogo raskroya listovogo i rulonnogo materiala s
ispol'zovaniem posloynykh algoritmov: dis. ... kand. tekhn. nauk [Design of guillotine cutting
of sheet and roll material using layer-by-layer algorithms: cand. of eng. sc. diss.]: 05.13.12.
Ufa, 2004, 139 p.
6. Fayzrakhmanov R.I. Optimizatsiya protsessa raskroya promyshlennykh materialov po kriteriyu
minimuma material'nykh poter' pri nalichii tekhnologicheskikh ogranicheniy: dis. ... kand.
tekhn. nauk [Optimization of the process of cutting industrial materials according to the criterion
of minimum material losses in the presence of technological limitations: cand. of eng. sc.
diss.]: 05.13.01. Ufa, 2011, 139 p.
7. Frolovskiy V.D. Optimal'noe gruppirovanie geometricheskikh ob"ektov pri proektirovanii kart
raskroya materialov [Optimal grouping of geometric objects when designing cutting charts for materials],
Programmnye produkty i sistemy [Software products and systems], 2000, No. 3, pp. 47-48.
8. Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F. Primenenie SAPR dlya avtomatizatsii proektirovaniya raskroya
[Application of CAD for automation of cutting design], Vestnik UlGTU [Bulletin of UlSTU],
2023, No. 1 (101), pp. 29-34.
9. Ambos E., Noybauer A., Osval'd Yu. i dr. Ekonomiya syr'ya i materialov [Saving raw materials
and materials]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1989, 255 p.
10. Romanovskiy V.P. Spravochnik po kholodnoy shtampovke [Handbook of Cold Forming]. 6th
ed. Leningrad: Mashinostroenie. Leningr. otd-nie, 1979, 520 p.
11. Mishchenko O.V., Fedorina E.V. Razrabotka tekhnologicheskikh protsessov raskroya
metalloprokata kholodnoshtampovochnogo proizvodstva s ispol'zovaniem progressivnykh
metodov matematicheskogo modelirovaniya [Development of technological processes for cutting
cold-forming metal products using advanced methods of mathematical modeling],
Izvestiya MGTU «MAMI». Seriya «Te hnologiya mashinostroeniya i materialy» [Proceedings
of MSTU "MAMI". Series “Mechan cal En neer n Technolo y and Mater als”], 2014, Vol.
2, No. 1 (19), pp. 33-35.
12. Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F., Mishchenko O.V. Modelirovanie pri otsenke metalloemkosti
produktsii [Modeling in assessing the metal consumption of products], Vuzovskaya nauka v
sovremennykh usloviyakh: sbornik materialov 47-y nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [University
science in modern conditions: collection of materials of the 47th scientific and technical
conference]. Part 1. Ul'yanovsk: UlGTU, 2014, pp. 103-106.
13. Babaev F.V. Optimal'nyy raskroy materialov s pomoshch'yu EVM [Optimal cutting of materials
using a computer]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1982, 168 p.
14. Filimonov V.I., D'yakov I.F., Mishchenko O.V., Fedorina E.V. Modelirovanie
tekhnologicheskikh protsessov raskroya metalloprokata kholodnoshtampovochnogo
proizvodstva [Modeling of technological processes for cutting cold-forming metal products],
Sovremennye tekhnologii obrabotki metallov davleniem: modelirovanie, proektirovanie,
proizvodstvo: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Modern technologies
for metal forming: modeling, design, production: materials of the international scientific
and technical conference]. Moscow: Universitet mashinostroeniya, 2013, pp. 240-243.
15. D'yakov I.F., Fedorina E.V., Mishchenko O.V. Klassifikatsiya detaley dlya modelirovaniya
tekhprotsessa raskroya metalloprokata [Classification of parts for modeling the technological
process of cutting rolled metal], Vuzovskaya nauka v sovremennykh usloviyakh: sbornik
materialov 48-y nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [University science in modern conditions:
collection of materials of the 48th scientific and technical conference]. Part 1. Ul'yanovsk:
UlGTU, 2014, pp. 103-106.
16. Fedorina E.V., Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F. Klaster nomenklatury listoshtampovochnykh
detaley pri proektirovanii raskroya metalloprokata [Cluster of nomenclature of sheet metal
stamping parts when designing cutting of rolled metal], Modeli, sistemy, seti v ekonomike,
tekhnike, prirode i obshchestve [Models, systems, networks in economics, technology, nature
and society], 2018, No. 1 (25), pp. 203-219.
17. D'yakov I.F., Fedorina E.V. Svidetel'stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii bazy dannykh
№2017620130 Ross yskaya Federats ya. Klaster detaley «PROM-2013» [Certificate of state
re strat on of the database No. 2017620130 Russ an Federat on. Cluster of parts “PROM-
2013”]. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State
Technical University". No. 2016621352; date of admission 10/11/2016; date of state registration
in the Database Register 02/1/2017, 81 p.
18. Rayan D. Inzhenernaya grafika v SAPR [Engineering graphics in CAD]. Moscow: Mir, 1989,
391 p.
19. Sistemy upravleniya bazami dannykh i znaniy [Database and knowledge management systems].
Moscow: Finansy i statistika, 1991, pp. 352.
20. Khorafas D., Legg S. Konstruktorskie bazy dannykh [Design databases]. Moscow:
Mashinostroenie, 1990, 224 p.
21. Kokorin V.N., Fedorina E.V., Shakirzyanov R.F. Pr enen e pro ra y «PROM-2013» dlya
otsenki raskroya metalla [Application of the PROM-2013 program for assessing metal cutting],
Vuzovskaya nauka v sovremennykh usloviyakh: sbornik materialov 48-y nauchnotekhnicheskoy
konferentsii [University science in modern conditions: collection of materials of
the 48th scientific and technical conference]. Part 1. Ul'yanovsk: UlGTU, 2014, pp. 74-78.
22. Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F., Mishchenko O.V, Kokorin V.N. PROM-2013 – Resursnostoimostnaya
otsenka effektivnosti raskroya metalloprokata dlya kholodnoshtampovochnogo
proizvodstva [PROM-2013 – Resource-cost assessment of the efficiency of cutting rolled metal
for cold forming production], Progressivnye metody i tekhnologicheskoe osnashchenie protsessov
obrabotki metallov davleniem: Mater. mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii
[Progressive methods and technological equipment of metal forming processes: Mater. international
scientific and technical conference]. Saint Petersburg: BGTU, 2014, pp. 307-310.
23. D'yakov I.F., Fedorina E.V., Kreshchenova K.A. Svidetel'stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii
programmy dlya EVM №2016611103 Rossiyskaya Federatsiya. Programma raskroya
etalloprokata «PROM-2013» [Certificate of state registration of a computer program No.
2016611103 Russ an Federat on. Metal cutt n pro ra “PROM-2013”]. Federal State Budgetary
Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Technical University".
No. 2015661985; date of admission 12/8/2015; date of state registration in the Register of
Computer Programs 01/26/2016, 19 p.
24. Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F. Avtomatizirovannoe proektirovanie resursosberegayushchikh
tekhnologiy raskroya metalloprokata v usloviyakh kholodnoshtampovochnogo proizvodstva
metalloprokata [Automated design of resource-saving technologies for cutting rolled metal in
conditions of cold stamping production of rolled metal], Avtomatizatsiya i sovremennye
tekhnologii [Automation and modern technologies], 2018, No. 7 (72), pp. 307-313.
proektov [On some mathematical models and methods for planning large-scale
projects], Modeli i metody optimizatsii [Models and methods of optimization]. Novosibirsk:
Nauka, 1988, pp. 89-115.
2. Mukhacheva A.S., Valeeva A.F., Kartak V.M. Zadachi dvukhmernoy upakovki v konteynery:
novye podkhody k razrabotke metodov lokal'nogo poiska optimum [Problems of twodimensional
packaging in containers: new approaches to the development of methods for local
search for the optimum]. Moscow: MAI, 2004, 193 p.
3. Mukhacheva E.A., Verkhoturov M.A., Martynov V.V. Modeli i metody rascheta raskroyaupakovki
geometricheskikh ob"ektov [Models and methods for calculating cutting and packing
of geometric objects]. Ufa: UGATU, 1998, 216 p.
4. Lipovetskiy A.I. Geometricheskiy podkhod k vychisleniyu optimuma v zadache
pryamougol'nogo raskroya [Geometric approach to calculating the optimum in the problem of
rectangular cutting], Tr. Sankt-Peterburgskogo matematicheskogo obshchestva [Proceedings
of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society], 2007, Vol. 13, pp. 121-142.
5. Sirazetdinov T.M. Proektirovanie gil'otinnogo raskroya listovogo i rulonnogo materiala s
ispol'zovaniem posloynykh algoritmov: dis. ... kand. tekhn. nauk [Design of guillotine cutting
of sheet and roll material using layer-by-layer algorithms: cand. of eng. sc. diss.]: 05.13.12.
Ufa, 2004, 139 p.
6. Fayzrakhmanov R.I. Optimizatsiya protsessa raskroya promyshlennykh materialov po kriteriyu
minimuma material'nykh poter' pri nalichii tekhnologicheskikh ogranicheniy: dis. ... kand.
tekhn. nauk [Optimization of the process of cutting industrial materials according to the criterion
of minimum material losses in the presence of technological limitations: cand. of eng. sc.
diss.]: 05.13.01. Ufa, 2011, 139 p.
7. Frolovskiy V.D. Optimal'noe gruppirovanie geometricheskikh ob"ektov pri proektirovanii kart
raskroya materialov [Optimal grouping of geometric objects when designing cutting charts for materials],
Programmnye produkty i sistemy [Software products and systems], 2000, No. 3, pp. 47-48.
8. Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F. Primenenie SAPR dlya avtomatizatsii proektirovaniya raskroya
[Application of CAD for automation of cutting design], Vestnik UlGTU [Bulletin of UlSTU],
2023, No. 1 (101), pp. 29-34.
9. Ambos E., Noybauer A., Osval'd Yu. i dr. Ekonomiya syr'ya i materialov [Saving raw materials
and materials]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1989, 255 p.
10. Romanovskiy V.P. Spravochnik po kholodnoy shtampovke [Handbook of Cold Forming]. 6th
ed. Leningrad: Mashinostroenie. Leningr. otd-nie, 1979, 520 p.
11. Mishchenko O.V., Fedorina E.V. Razrabotka tekhnologicheskikh protsessov raskroya
metalloprokata kholodnoshtampovochnogo proizvodstva s ispol'zovaniem progressivnykh
metodov matematicheskogo modelirovaniya [Development of technological processes for cutting
cold-forming metal products using advanced methods of mathematical modeling],
Izvestiya MGTU «MAMI». Seriya «Te hnologiya mashinostroeniya i materialy» [Proceedings
of MSTU "MAMI". Series “Mechan cal En neer n Technolo y and Mater als”], 2014, Vol.
2, No. 1 (19), pp. 33-35.
12. Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F., Mishchenko O.V. Modelirovanie pri otsenke metalloemkosti
produktsii [Modeling in assessing the metal consumption of products], Vuzovskaya nauka v
sovremennykh usloviyakh: sbornik materialov 47-y nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [University
science in modern conditions: collection of materials of the 47th scientific and technical
conference]. Part 1. Ul'yanovsk: UlGTU, 2014, pp. 103-106.
13. Babaev F.V. Optimal'nyy raskroy materialov s pomoshch'yu EVM [Optimal cutting of materials
using a computer]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1982, 168 p.
14. Filimonov V.I., D'yakov I.F., Mishchenko O.V., Fedorina E.V. Modelirovanie
tekhnologicheskikh protsessov raskroya metalloprokata kholodnoshtampovochnogo
proizvodstva [Modeling of technological processes for cutting cold-forming metal products],
Sovremennye tekhnologii obrabotki metallov davleniem: modelirovanie, proektirovanie,
proizvodstvo: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Modern technologies
for metal forming: modeling, design, production: materials of the international scientific
and technical conference]. Moscow: Universitet mashinostroeniya, 2013, pp. 240-243.
15. D'yakov I.F., Fedorina E.V., Mishchenko O.V. Klassifikatsiya detaley dlya modelirovaniya
tekhprotsessa raskroya metalloprokata [Classification of parts for modeling the technological
process of cutting rolled metal], Vuzovskaya nauka v sovremennykh usloviyakh: sbornik
materialov 48-y nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [University science in modern conditions:
collection of materials of the 48th scientific and technical conference]. Part 1. Ul'yanovsk:
UlGTU, 2014, pp. 103-106.
16. Fedorina E.V., Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F. Klaster nomenklatury listoshtampovochnykh
detaley pri proektirovanii raskroya metalloprokata [Cluster of nomenclature of sheet metal
stamping parts when designing cutting of rolled metal], Modeli, sistemy, seti v ekonomike,
tekhnike, prirode i obshchestve [Models, systems, networks in economics, technology, nature
and society], 2018, No. 1 (25), pp. 203-219.
17. D'yakov I.F., Fedorina E.V. Svidetel'stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii bazy dannykh
№2017620130 Ross yskaya Federats ya. Klaster detaley «PROM-2013» [Certificate of state
re strat on of the database No. 2017620130 Russ an Federat on. Cluster of parts “PROM-
2013”]. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State
Technical University". No. 2016621352; date of admission 10/11/2016; date of state registration
in the Database Register 02/1/2017, 81 p.
18. Rayan D. Inzhenernaya grafika v SAPR [Engineering graphics in CAD]. Moscow: Mir, 1989,
391 p.
19. Sistemy upravleniya bazami dannykh i znaniy [Database and knowledge management systems].
Moscow: Finansy i statistika, 1991, pp. 352.
20. Khorafas D., Legg S. Konstruktorskie bazy dannykh [Design databases]. Moscow:
Mashinostroenie, 1990, 224 p.
21. Kokorin V.N., Fedorina E.V., Shakirzyanov R.F. Pr enen e pro ra y «PROM-2013» dlya
otsenki raskroya metalla [Application of the PROM-2013 program for assessing metal cutting],
Vuzovskaya nauka v sovremennykh usloviyakh: sbornik materialov 48-y nauchnotekhnicheskoy
konferentsii [University science in modern conditions: collection of materials of
the 48th scientific and technical conference]. Part 1. Ul'yanovsk: UlGTU, 2014, pp. 74-78.
22. Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F., Mishchenko O.V, Kokorin V.N. PROM-2013 – Resursnostoimostnaya
otsenka effektivnosti raskroya metalloprokata dlya kholodnoshtampovochnogo
proizvodstva [PROM-2013 – Resource-cost assessment of the efficiency of cutting rolled metal
for cold forming production], Progressivnye metody i tekhnologicheskoe osnashchenie protsessov
obrabotki metallov davleniem: Mater. mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii
[Progressive methods and technological equipment of metal forming processes: Mater. international
scientific and technical conference]. Saint Petersburg: BGTU, 2014, pp. 307-310.
23. D'yakov I.F., Fedorina E.V., Kreshchenova K.A. Svidetel'stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii
programmy dlya EVM №2016611103 Rossiyskaya Federatsiya. Programma raskroya
etalloprokata «PROM-2013» [Certificate of state registration of a computer program No.
2016611103 Russ an Federat on. Metal cutt n pro ra “PROM-2013”]. Federal State Budgetary
Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Technical University".
No. 2015661985; date of admission 12/8/2015; date of state registration in the Register of
Computer Programs 01/26/2016, 19 p.
24. Fedorina E.V., D'yakov I.F. Avtomatizirovannoe proektirovanie resursosberegayushchikh
tekhnologiy raskroya metalloprokata v usloviyakh kholodnoshtampovochnogo proizvodstva
metalloprokata [Automated design of resource-saving technologies for cutting rolled metal in
conditions of cold stamping production of rolled metal], Avtomatizatsiya i sovremennye
tekhnologii [Automation and modern technologies], 2018, No. 7 (72), pp. 307-313.
